Chemistry 2

മൂലകങ്ങൾ, മോളിക്യൂൾ, സംയുക്തം, മിശ്രിതം തുടങ്ങിയ ഭാഗങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Smallest particle of substance having all its properties

                 Molecules

• The term 'Molecule' was coined by

                 Avogadro

• No of molecules contained in 1 mole of gas is called

                 Avogadro number

• Avogadro number is

                 6.03x10²³

• International Mole day

                 October 23

• Kinetic Energy of molecules is maximum in

                 Gases

• Names given to the shells where electrons located around the nucleus

                 K, L, M, N, O, P and Q

• Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom which determines its chemical property is called

                 Valance electrons (Valance Shell)

• Sub shells of electron shells are named as

                 s, p, d, f and g

• Maximum number of electrons in each sub shells are

                 s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, f: 14 and g: 18

• Substances which composed of similar kind of atoms is called

                 Element

• The term element was coined by

                 Robert Boyle

• The scientist who first gave definition to the term 'element'

                 Robert Boyle

• The scientist who gave symbols for elements on the basis of their names

                 Berzelius

• The scientist who classified elements into metals and non metals

                 Lavosier

• Elements are classified into

                 Metals, non metals and metalloids

• Elements that conduct electricity, heat and which tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

                 Metals

• Elements that do not conduct electricity, heat and which tend to accept electrons to form negative ions

                 Non-Metals

• Elements showing properties of both metals and non metals

                 Metalloids

• International association which gives names of Elements

                 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

• Substances composed of atoms of 2 or more elements combined in a definite proportion by weight is known as 

                 Compound

• Substances composed of atoms of 2 or more compounds or elements combined in any proportion by weight is known as 

                 Mixture

• Element which forms largest number of compounds

                 Carbon

• Second element which forms largest number of compounds

                 Hydrogen

• Atoms of same element having same atomic number and different mass number are known as 

                 Isotopes

• Isotopes of Hydrogen are

                 Protium, Deuterium, Tritium

• Isotopes are discovered by

                 Frederick Soddy

• Isotope which is used to determine the age of fossils (Carbon dating)

                 Carbon 14

• Isotope which is used for the treatment of cancer

                 Cobalt 60

• Isotope which is used for the treatment of skin cancer

                 Phosphorous 32

• Isotopes which are used as medicines

                 Oxygen 15, Iodine 131

• Atoms of different elements having same mass number and different atomic number

                 Isobars

• Atoms of elements having same number of Neutrons 

                 Isotones

• Compounds with same molecular formula and different structure are known as

                 Isomers

• Different forms of same element with different physical appearances

                 Allotropes

• Example of an allotrope 

                 Diamond, Graphite and Charcoal are allotropes of Carbon

• Allotrope of Oxygen

                 Ozone

• Fructose is an isomer of

                 Glucose
                                                                                                          (To be Continued...)