Tuesday, May 8, 2018

Biology 12

ഗ്രന്ഥികൾ, ഹോർമോണുകൾ, പ്രത്യുൽപാദനം എന്നീ പ്രധാന ഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ
  • Study of glands and hormones of the body
                  Endocrinology
  • Glands which produce their secretions through ducts are known as 
                  Ducted glands (Eg: Lachrymal glands, Salivary glands, sweat glands, liver)
  • Glands which produce their secretions directly into blood streams are known as 
                  Ductless glands (Eg: Endocrine glands)
  • Non nutriet chemical messengers of the body
                  Hormones
  • Who coined the term "Hormone"
                  E H Starling
  • First discovered hormone
                  Secretin
  • Only gland in the body which acts as both exocrine and endocrine (heterocrine)
                  Pancreas
  • Which gland is known as Adams Apple
                  Thyroid gland
  • Which gland is known as Master gland or growth gland
                  Pituitary gland
  • Which gland is known as Biological clock
                  Pineal gland
  • Which is known as growth hormone
                  Somatotropin
  • Which is known as Emergency hormone or hormones of flight
                  Adrenaline
  • Which is known as Juvanile hormone or Youth hormone
                  Thymosine
  • Which is known as Surgical hormone
                  Nor-adrenaline
  • Deficiency of growth hormone somatotropine leads to
                  Dwarfism
  • Over production of somatotropine leads to
                  Gigantism (in children), Acromegaly (in adults)
  • Deficiency of vasopressin leads to
                  Diabetes insipidus
  • Deficiency of Thyroxine leads to
                  Myxedima (Adults), Cretinism (children)
  • Over production of Thyroxine leads to
                  Exophthalmic Goitre
  • Deficiency of Parathormone leads to
                  Tetany
  • Over production of Parathormone leads to
                  Osteoporosis (destrution of bones)
  • Over production of Aldosterone leads to
                  Conn's syndrome
  • Deficiency of Insulin leads to
                  Diabetes Mellitus
  • Over production of Parathormone leads to
                  Insulin shock (sugar level falls below 43 mg/100ml)
  • Hormone produced by Pituitary gland
                  Somatotropin and Prolactin (milk secreting hormone)
  • Gland which controls all other endocrine glands
                  Pituitary gland
  • Gland situated over Kidneys
                  Adrenal gland
  • Outer part of Adrenal glands
                  Adrenal cortex
  • Inner part of Adrenal glands
                  Adrenal medulla
  • Hormone produced by Adrenal medulla
                  Adrenalin and nor adrenalin
  • Disorder caused by the under functioning of Adrenal glands
                  Addison's disease
  • Group of hormones produced by Adrenal cortex
                  Corticoids (Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoids, Sex hormones)
  • Tendency to appear male characteristics in female is known as 
                  Virilism
  • Tendency to appear female characteristics in male is known as 
                  Gynecomastia
  • Which is called as 3F (Fear, flight, fight) and 4S (Sugar metabolism, Salt retaining, Sex and source of energy) gland
                  Adrenal gland
  • Largest endocrine gland in human body
                  Thyroid gland
  • Hormones produced by Thyroid gland
                  Thyroxine and Calcitonin
  • Persistant over secretion of Thyroxine (hyperthyroidism) leads to
                  Graves disease
  • Mineral which required for the healthy functioning of thyroid gland
                  Iodine
  • Which gland controls growth and metabolism
                  Thyroid gland
  • Normal level of Calcium in human blood
                  10-12 mg/100ml
  • Hormone which lowers the concentration of Calcium in blood when it raises
                  Calcitonin
  • Which hormone increases the rate of chemical reactions in all cells of body
                  Thyroxine
  • Hormone which raises the concentration of Calcium in blood when it lowers
                  Parathormone
  • Gland situated behind thyroid
                  Parathyroid
  • Parathormone is produced by
                  Parathyroid
  • Hormones secreted by Pancreas
                  Insulin and Glucagon
  • Digestive juice produced by Pancreas
                  Pancreatic juice
  • Region of Pancreas that produces hormones
                  Islets of Langerhans (Alpha and Beta cells)
  • Glucagon secreted by
                  Alpha cells
  • Insulin secreted by
                  Beta cells
  • Hormone which converts excess glucose into glycogen
                  Insulin
  • Hormone which converts glycogen into glucose
                  Glucagon
  • Normal sugar level in human blood
                  80-120 mg/100ml
  • Condition of excreting excess sugar throgh urine when the level exceeds 150 mg
                  Diabetis melitus
  • Hormone secreted by Thymus gland
                  Thymosin
  • Thymus gland fully developed at the age of
                  7 (Disappear by 14)
  • Hormone secreted by Pineal gland
                  Melatonin and Seratonin
  • Hormone which plays an important role in the regulation of 24 hour rhythm
                  Melatonin
  • Hormone which is known as Hormone of darkness or Sleep hormone
                  Melatonin
  • Which hormone functions as antioxidant
                  Melatonin
  • Deficiency of melatonin causes
                  Sleeplessness
  • Hormone which plays an important role in sending messages between cells
                  Serotonin (Neuro transmitter)
  • Deficiency of Serotonin causes
                  Depression
  • Hormone produced by testes
                  Testosterone
  • Hormone produced by Ovary
                  Estrogen, Progeterone
  • Hormone produced by stomach
                  Gastrin, Somatostatin
  • Average period of human pregnancy
                  280 days (38 weeks)
  • Process of joining ovum and sperm is called 
                  Fertilization
  • Fertilization take place at
                  Fallopian tube
  • Embryo gets Oxygen and nutrients through
                  Placenta
  • Double membrane which protects Embryo 
                  Amnion
  • Technology used for Test tube baby
                  IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)
  • IVF discovered by
                  Robert G Edward and Patrik Steptoe
  • First test tube baby in the world
                  Louis Brown (1978 July 25)
  • First test tube baby in India
                  Baby Durga (1978, Kolkata)
  • First test tube baby in India created by
                  Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay
  • Second test tube baby in India
                  Baby Harsha
  • First test tube baby in South India
                  Kamala Ratnam (1990)
  • Sterilization process in male
                  Vasectomy
                                                                                           (To be Continued...)

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