Monday, May 14, 2018

Kerala History 1

പ്രാചീന കേരളം, സഞ്ചാരികൾ, സംഘ കാലഘട്ടം, ആയ്, കുലശേഖര രാജവംശങ്ങൾ, പ്രാചീന കേരളത്തിലെ മതങ്ങൾ, പഴയ സ്ഥലനാമങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ
  • Oldest book which mentioned about Keralam is
                  Ithareyaranyakam
  • Oldest burial jar Nannagadi was founded from which place in Kerala
                  Engandiyoor (Thrissur)
  • Ancient name of Kodungalloor
                  Muziris
  • Greek called Pepper as
                  Yavanapriya
  • Author of the book Keralapazhama
                  Herman Gundert
  • Work of Kalidasa which mentioned about Keralam
                  Reghuvamsa
  • Period of Sangham age
                  AD 1st to 5th Century
  • Name of Kayamkulam in Sangham age
                  Odanad
  • Author of the book Chilapathikaram which is known as Tamil Iliad
                  Ilango Adikal
  • Author of the book Mani Mekhala which is known as Tamil Odissi
                  Sathanar
  • Author of the book Tirukkural which is known as Tamil Bible
                  Thiruvalluvar
  • Main diety during Sangham age
                  Murugan
  • Sangham age work which mentioned about Onam
                  Madhurai Kanchi
  • Sangham age work which mentioned about Buddhism
                  Mani Mekhala
  • Number of Tinas mentioned in Sangham literature
                  5
  • Major diety in hill place Tina Kurinchi
                  Choyon
  • Major diety in Dry land Tina Palai
                  Kottavai
  • Major diety in forest Tina KMullai
                  Mayon
  • Major diety in cropland Tina Marutham
                  Venthan
  • Major diety in seashore Tina Neythal
                  Kadalon
  • Greatest Ay ruler during the Sangham age
                  Ay Anthiran
  • Early capital of Ay dynasty
                  Pothiyil Mountain or Aykkudi (Latest capital Vizhinjam)
  • The ruler who shifted capital of Ay dynasty fro Aykkudi to Vizhinjam
                  Karunandadakkan
  • Royal Emblem of Ay dynasty
                  Elephant (Official flower : Golden shower)
  • The ruler who founded Kanthallur shala (Nalanda of the South)
                  Karunandadakkan
  • Ay ruler who is known as Kerala Ashoka
                  Vikraadityavaragunan
  • Chief diety of Ay dynasty
                  Sri Padmanabha
  • Ancient name of Varkala
                  Balitha
  • Thindis             : Ponnani
  • Bareka              : Purakkadu
  • Nelkinda           : Neendakara
  • Gosree              : Kochi
  • Bettimeni          : Karthikappally
  • Ripolin              : Edappally
  • Martha               : Karunagappally
  • Venketakotta      : Kottaykkal
  • Main trading centre of Chinese in ancient Kerala
                  Kollam
  • The traveller who called Kerala as Malabar
                  Alberuni
  • Capital of Mushika Kingdom (Puzhinadu or Mozhipeyar desham or Konkanam)
                  Ezhimala
  • Most powerful ruler of Ezhimala
                  Konkanam Nannan
  • Who called Ezhimala as Rat Kingdom
                  Marco Polo
  • First foreign traveller who mentioned about Kerala
                  Megasthanese
  • First foreign travellers came to Kerala
                  Arabs
  • Most visited foreign traveller in Kerala
                  Ibn Batuta (6 times)
  • First Arab traveller visited Kerala
                  Malik Bin Dinar
  • The traveller known as Pioneer English Man\First English to reach Kerala
                  Master Ralph Fitch
  • First fort built by Europeans in Kerala\India
                  Pallipuram fort (In 1503, By Portughese. Also known as Aya kotta, Manual fort)
  • Manual fort is in
                  Kochi
  • St Angello fort    : Kannur (Portughese)
  • Bakel fort            : Kasarcode (Shivappa Naikar)
  • Palakkad fort       : Palakkad (Hyder Ali)
  • Kottappuram fort : Thrissur (Portughese)
  • Vatta Kotta           : Kanyakumari (Marthanda Varma)
  • Chandragiri fort   : Kasarcode (Shivappa Naikar)
  • Hosdurg fort         : Kasarcode (Somashekhara Naikar)
  • Chaliyam fort       : Vettathu Nadu (Portughese)
  • Nedum Kotta        : Kochi (Karthika Thirunal Ramavarma)
  • Anjuthengu fort    : Attingal (British)
  • Ancient port in Kerala where Christians and Jews reached for the first time
                  Muziris
  • Greek traveller belived to be reached Muziris in AD 45
                  Hippalus
  • Direction of Monsoon wind was discovered by
                  Hippalus
  • During Sangham period, central region of Kerala was ruled by
                  Chera Dynasty
  • Capital of Chera Dynansty
                  Vanchi
  • Royal emblem of Chera Dynansty
                  Bow and Arrow
  • First ruler of Chera Dynansty
                  Udiyan Cheralathan
  • 100 years of war was fought between
                  Chera and Chola Kings
  • Chera ruler mentioned in Chilapathikaram
                  Chenkuttuvan
  • Chera ruler who is called as Kadal Pirakottiya Cheran
                  Chenkuttuvan
  • Chera ruler known as Imayavaramban, Adhi raja etc
                  Nedumcheraladen
  • Chera ruler known as Vana varamban
                  Udiyan cheraladen
  • Founder of second Chera dynasty or Kulashekhara dynasty
                  Kulashekhara Alwar or Kulashekhara Varman
  • Kulashekhara king who was called as Kerala Choodamani
                  Kulashekhara Alwar
  • Sankaracharya was a contemporary of
                  Kulashekhara Alwar
  • First epigraphical record of Chera kings discovered in Kerala
                  Vazhappalli inscription (By Rajashekhara Varman)
  • Kollam Era or Malayalam Era was started in
                  AD 825 by Rajashekhara varman
  • Earliest available inscription dated in the Kollam era
                  Mamballi inscription of Sri Vallabhan Kotha
  • Tharisappalli inscription  : Sthanu Ravi Varma
  • Paliyam inscription          : Vikramaditya Varagunan
  • Jews inscription               : Bhaskara Ravi Varma
  • Hajoor inscription            : Karunanthadakkan
  • Arab traveller Sulaiman visited Kerala during the reign of
                  Sthanu Ravi Varma (AD 851)
  • Which is called as Golden age of Kerala
                  Kulashekhara Period (Second Chera)
  • Merchant guilds led by Syrian Christians is known as
                  Manigramam
  • Merchant guilds led by Jews is known as
                  Anju Vannam
  • Birthplace of Sri Sankaracharyar (AD 788- 820)
                  Kaladi, Ernakulam
  • Who is known as Buddha in disguise
                  Sri Sankaracharyar
  • The propounder of Advaitha Darshan
                  Sri Sankaracharyar
  • Sankaracharyar died at
                  Kedarnath
  • Math founded by Sankaracharyar in North
                  Jyothir Math in Badarinath
  • South    : Sringeri Math in Sringeri
  • East       : Govardhana Math in Puri
  • West      : Sharada Math in Dwaraka
  • Famous works of Sankaracharyar
                  Shivananda Lahari, Soundarya Lahari, Vivea Choodamani, Yoga Tharavali, Athmabodha, Brahma suthram, Upadesha Sahasri, Ananda Lahri
  • Indilayappan Idols and Karumadikkuttan Idols are related to
                  Buddhism
  • Aurvedic system of treatment introduced in Kerala by
                  Buddhism
  • White synagogue at Mattanchery was built by
                  Joseph Rabban (1568)
  • St. Thomas visited Kerala in
                  AD 52
  • Famous Jain religious centers in ancient Kerala
                  Thrikannamathilakam and Koodal Manikyam
  • Only one Christian dynasty ruled Kerala
                  Viluarvattam Dyanasty
  • First Church and Mosque (Cheraman Juma Masjid) in Kerala was established at
                  Kodungalloor
  • Famous Buddhist centre in ancient Kerala
                  Srimoolavasam
  • Jews reached in Kerala in
                  AD 68
  • Cheraman Juma Masjid was built by\Arab traveller who spread Islam in Kerala
                  Malik Bin Dinar
  • Only one Muslim dynasty ruled Kerala
                  Arakkal Dyanasty (Kannur)
  • Queens of Arakkal dynasty were known as
                  Arakkal Beevi
  • Synod of Diamper was held in
                  AD 1599
  • Oath of Koonankurishu was held in
                  AD 1653
                                                                                       (To be Continued...)

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