ബയോളജി 2 : ഹോർമോണുകൾ

 

PSC പരീക്ഷകളിൽ ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തിൽ മറ്റൊരു സാധ്യത കൂടിയ ഒരു മേഖലയാണ് ഹോർമോണുകൾ എന്ന ഭാഗം. ആ ഭാഗത്ത് നിന്നുമുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളെ പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തുകയാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ ക്ലാസിൽ. 

ക്ലാസിനായി ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്യുക. ക്ലാസ് ഇഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടാൽ സബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബ് ചെയ്യുകയും നിങ്ങളുടെ കൂട്ടുകാരുമായി ഷെയർ ചെയ്യാനും മറക്കരുതേ. അതാണ് ഞങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള പ്രോത്സാഹനം

ബയോളജി 1 : ജീവകങ്ങൾ

 

PSC പരീക്ഷകളിൽ ഇപ്പോൾ സയൻസ് ഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾക്ക് പ്രാധാന്യം കൂടുതലായി നൽകിവരുന്നുണ്ട്. അതിൽ ഏറ്റവും സാധ്യത കൂടിയ ഒരു മേഖലയാണ് ജീവകങ്ങൾ അഥവാ വിറ്റാമിനുകൾ എന്ന ഭാഗം. ആ ഭാഗത്ത് നിന്നുമുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളെ പരിചയപ്പെടുത്തുകയാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ ക്ലാസിൽ. 

ക്ലാസിനായി ഇവിടെ ക്ലിക്ക് ചെയ്യുക. ക്ലാസ് ഇഷ്ടപ്പെട്ടാൽ സബ്‌സ്‌ക്രൈബ് ചെയ്യുകയും നിങ്ങളുടെ കൂട്ടുകാരുമായി ഷെയർ ചെയ്യാനും മറക്കരുതേ. അതാണ് ഞങ്ങൾക്കുള്ള പ്രോത്സാഹനം 

Biology 20

മുൻ പാഠങ്ങളിൽ വിട്ടുപോയ ജീവശാസ്ത്ര ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Thinnest skin in human body

                Conjunctiva (Eye lid)

• We lose conciousness if blood flow to the brain is cut off for more than

                Five seconds

• Presbiopia known as age sightness can be removed by using

                Bifocal lens

• Central drug reserch institute is situates in

                Lucknow (UP)

• Cattle breading research institute is situated in

                Hissar (Haryana)

• Forest research institute is situated in

                Dehradun (UP)

• National diary research institute is situated in

                Karnal (Haryana)

• Indian cancer research center is situated in

                Mumbai

• Central marine research institute is situated in

                Chennai

• National institute of communicable disease is situated in

                Delhi

• Name the digestive enzyme that converts Maltose to Glucose

                Maltase

• Name the digestive enzyme that converts Lactose to Glucose

                Lactase

• Branch of science that deals with study of skin and its diseases

                Dermatology

• Charles Darwin published his theory of evolution in his famous book

                Origin of species

• Ship of Charles Darwin

                Beagle

• Symbol of WWF

                Giant Panda

• World's first Earth summit was at

                Rio De Janiro (Brazil in 1992)

• Tall grass lands in North America is called

                Prairies

• Trees those shed their leaves are called

                Deciduous

• Polio vaccine was discovered by

                Jonas E Salk

• Oral polio vaccine was discovered by

                Albert Sabin

• Pacemaker was invented by

                Chardack

• First heart Pacemaker was designed by

                Wilson Great

• Stethoscope was invented by

                Rene Laenne

• Tetanus causing bacteria

                Clostridium Tetani

• Tuberculosis causing bacteria

                Micobacterium Tuberculosis

• Leprasy causing bacteria

                Mycobacterium Leprae

• Typhoid causing bacteria

                Salmonell Typhi

• Cholera causing bacteria

                Vibrio Cholerae
                                                                                       (To be Continued...)

Biology 19

മുൻ പാഠങ്ങളിൽ വിട്ടുപോയ ജീവശാസ്ത്ര ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Percentage of light energy fixed in Photosynthesis

                   1%

• Process of long sleeping of animals in winter season is called

                   Hibernation

• Pollination by animals is called

                   Zoophily

• Pollination by wind is called

                   Anemophily

• Pollination by water is called

                   Hydrophily

• Pollination by insects is called

                   Entomophily

• Pollination by birds is called

                   Ornithophily

• What is called as natures plough man

                   Earth worm

• Study of fish is called

                   Ichthyology

• Aquatic animal with most developed intelligence is

                   Dolphin

• Chameleons body color changes with surroundings is called

                   Comoflage

• Scientific name of frog

                   Rana Hexadactyla

• Elephant tusks are enlarged

                   Incisors

• Which is called as flying fox

                   Bats

• Which is called as ponies in pygamas

                   Zeebras

• Animal which never drink water 

                   Kangaroo rats

• Normal value of Bilirubin in blood serum is

                   0.2 to 1

• Ability of organisms to prepare its own food

                   Autotropic

• Ability of organisms to prepare its own food

                   Heterotropic

• Length of small intestine

                   6 meters

• Presence of blood in urine is called

                   Haematuria

• Presence of haemoglobin in urine is called

                   Haemoglobinuria

• Presence of excess urea in blood is called

                   Uremia

• Haemophilia day is

                   17 April

                                                                                       (To be Continued...)

Biology 18

ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തിലെ സസ്യങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട പ്രധാന ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Study of Micro organisms is called

                  Microbiology

• Micro organisms discovered by

                  Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

• Study of Bacteria is called

                  Bacteriology

• Study of Viruses is called

                  Virology

• Smallest living thing

                  Virus

• HIV is a

                  RNA Virus

• Rearing of Silk worms is called

                  Sericulture

• Cultivation of flowers, fruits and ornamental plants is called

                  Horticulture

• Art of rearing fishes is called

                  Pisciculture

• Art of forest planting is called

                  Silviculture

• Rearing of Silk worms is called

                  Sericulture

• Process of honey making is called

                  Apiculture

• Process of grape cultivation is called

                  Viticulture

• Process of breeding worms which is useful for farmers is called

                  Vermiculture

• Process of flowering plant cultivation is called

                  Floriculture

• Process of tree and vegetable cultivation is called

                  Arboriculture

• Oldest living plant in the world

                  Pinus

• Study of trees is called

                  Dentrology

• Part of Earth and its atmosphere that is capable of support life is called

                  Biosphere

• Methode of producing plants from minute plant fragments is called

                  Tissue culture

• Insectivorus plants obtain Nitrogen from

                  Animal bodies

• DNA and RNA are two kinds of 

                  Nucleic Acids

• Plants grow in water are called

                  Hydrophytes

• Plants grow on other plants but do not take nourisment are called

                  Epiphytes

• Plants grow in dry habitat like deserts are called

                  Xerophytes

• Plants which traps insects on their sticky leaves are called

                  Carnivorous plants

• Example of carnivorous plants

                  Venus fly trap

• Science of classifying organisms is called

                  Taxonomy

• Worlds most ferocious fresh water fish

                  Piranha

• World habitat day

                  First Monday of October

• Plants grow in saline water are called

                  Halophytes

• Plants grow on rocks are called

                  Lithoophytes

• Plants grow in sunlight are called

                  Heliophytes

• Plants grow luxutiently in rainy season and shed all leaves in summer are called

                  Ttropophytes

• Plants grow in acidic soil are called

                  Oxylophytes

• Plants grow in Marsh are called

                  Helophytes
                                                                                                        (To be Continued...)

Biology 17

സസ്യങ്ങൾ, പരിസ്ഥിതി, തുടങ്ങിയവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• First discovered plant hormone

                    Auxin

• Apical dominance and elongation of cells are induced by

                    Auxin

• Stem elongation and dormancy breaking are induced by

                    Gibberllins

• Hormone that present in cocnut water

                    Cytokinins

• Hormone which controls fruit ripening

                    Ethylene

• Only plant hormone that exist in gaseous state

                    Ethylene

• Chemical which applied for artificial fruit ripening

                    Calcium Carbide

• Seed dormancy is due to

                    Abscisic acid

• Hormone which helps in flowering of plants

                    Florigen

• Which tree is called wonder tree

                    Neem

• Reserpine which is using for hyper tension is extracted from

                    Serpentina (Sarpagandhi)

• Quinine which is using for Malaria is extracted from

                    Zincona

• Vincristine which is using for Blood Cancer is extracted from

                    Vinca Rosea

• Which plant is using for the treatment of AIDS

                    Black Mulberry

• Example of insectivorous plants

                    Nepenthes, Sundew, Pitcher plant, Venus fly trap

• Process by which green plants produce carbohydrate by absorbing water, carbon dioxide, and sun light in presence of Chloroplast

                    Photo synthesis

• Percentage of sun light trapped by green plants

                    1% of total light fall on earth

• Gas which is given out by the plants at the time of photosynthesis

                    Oxygen

• Gas which is given out by the plants at the time of respiration

                    Carbon Dioxide

• The rate of photosynthesis is maximum in

                    Red light

• The rate of photosynthesis is minimum in

                    Yellow light

• Association of Algae and Fungi are known as

                    Lichen

• A small cone of cells that protects the root tip while penetrating through the soil

                    Root cap

• Organisms which has both the features of Plants and animals

                    Euglena

• A plant which give poor yield while flowering

                    Sugarcane

• Plant having fruit without seeds

                    Banana

• Poisonous substance formed in potato when it turns green 

                    Solanin

• Cutting of plants in ornamental shapes is known as

                    Topiary

• Wood used in manufacture of ships

                    Teak

• Wood used in manufacture of cricket bats

                    Willow

• Plants used for making chewing gum

                    Sappota

• Plant which absorb maximum sun light during photosynthesis

                    Sugarcane

• Plants absorbs water and minerals by

                    Diffusion

• Movement of water from the highly concentrated solution to lower concentration through semi permeable mmbrane

                    Osmosis

• Absorption of of water from the highly concentrated solution to lower concentration through

                    Osmosis

• Plants gets water from soil through roots because of

                    Capillarity

• Process of escape of water from leaves to atmosphere is known as

                    Transpiration

• Process of water oozes from pores in leaves in the form of liquid is known as

                    Guttation

• Pigment which give purple and blue colour to flowers

                    Anthocyanin (Green colour : Chlorophyll)

• Pigment which give yellow colour to flowers, leaves and fruits

                    Xanthophyll

• World environmental day

                    June 5

• Study of interrelation between organisms and environment is known as

                    Ecology

• Mark given by BIS to the environment friendly products

                    Ecomark

• International Earth day

                    April 22

• Founder of Chipko movement 1973

                    Sundarlal Bahuguna

• Leader of Narmada Bachavo Andolan movement

                    Medha Padkar

• Unit for measuring amount of pollution in water

                    BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand)

• Lungs of the Earth

                    Forests

• Document listing rare and endangered animals and plants

                    Red Data Book

• Movement against Endosupfan in Kerala

                    Operation Blossom spring

• Environmental book "Silent Spring" is written by

                    Rachel Carson

• H1N1 stands for

                    Hemagglutinin 1 Neuraminidase 1

• Food crop that sown in largest area in India

                    Paddy

• Black stem rust affecting 

                    Wheat

• World heart day

                    September 29

• World diabetes day

                    November 14

• World Blood donation day

                    June 14

• World Hemophilia day

                    April 17

• World AIDS day

                    December 1

• Rice bowl of Kerala

                    Palakkad

• Granary of Kerala\Holland or Netherland of Kerala

                    Kuttanad

• National Farmers day

                    December 23 (Kerala: Chingam 1)

• Mango City of Kerala

                    Muthalamada (Palakkad)

• Only place in Kerala where Cotton cultivated

                    Chittur, Palakkad

• Famous place in Kerala for Orange cultivation

                    Nelliyambathy, Palakkad

• Only place in Kerala where Tobacco cultivated

                    Kasaracode

• Paddy cultivation program for school children started by Kerala government

                    Ellarum Padathekk

• Brand ambassador of organic farming in Kerala

                    Manju Warrier

• Father of Green Revolution

                    Norman Borlaug (In India MS Swaminathan)

• Green Revolution started in

                    Mexico

• Asian home of Green Revolution

                    Philippines

• White Revolution is associated with

                    Milk production in India

• Father of White Revolution\Milkman of India

                    Varghese Kurien

• Unfinished dream is a book written by

                    Varghese Kurien

• Diary development programme throgh co operative societies started in India at

                    Gujarat

• Silver Revolution           : Egg

• Blue Revolution              : Fish

• Yellow Revolution          : Oil seed

• Gold Revolution              : Honey, Horticulture

• Golden fibre Revolution  : Jute

• Brown Revolution           : Leather, Cocoa

• Red Revolution                : Meat, Tomato

• Rainbow Revolution        : All round development in agriculture

                                                                                                                     (To be Continued...)

Biology 16

ജന്തുലോകം, സസ്യലോകം, ശാസ്ത്രനാമങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Largest Mammal

                 Blue Whale

• Smallest Mammal

                 Bumble bee bat

• Largest family of Mammal are

                 Rodents

• Animal having largest liver and lightest heart

                 Pig

• Largest animal on land

                 Elephant (Second largest Rhinoceros)

• Largest primate and largest ape

                 Gorilla

• Smallest ape

                 Gibbon

• Animal which has the highest blood pressure

                 Giraffe

• Fastest running animal

                 Cheetah

• Slowest animal

                 Sloth

• Animal with longest tail

                 Giraffe

• Most cleverest organism after human

                 Dolphin

• Which is known as river horse

                 Hippopotamus

• Continent of egg laying mammals is

                 Australia (Platypus and Echidna)

• Land animal with longest gestation period

                 Elephant (22 months)

• Gestation period of Blue whale

                 300-360 Days

• Elephant tusks are enlarged

                 Incisors

• Examples of odd toed hoofed animals

                 Horse, Rhinoceros, Zebra, Ass

• Examples of even toed hoofed animals

                 Cattle, Sheep, Pig, Deer, Camel etc

• Aquatic mammals

                 Whales

• Fat that lies beneath the skin of whales is

                 Blubber

• Flying mammals

                 Bats

• Mascot of World wide fund for nature is

                 Giant Panda

• Scientific name of man

                 Homo Sapiens

• Asian Elephant       : Elephas Maximus

• African Elephant    : Loxodonta Africana

• Cat                          : Felis Domestica

• Dog                        : Canis Familiaris

• Lion                        : Panthera Leo

• Tiger                       : Panthera tigris

• Cobra                      : Naja Naja

• Peacock                  : Pavo Christatus

• Perl spot                  : Etroplus Suratensis

• Hornbill                  : Buceros bicornios

• Coconut                  : Cocos Nucifera

• Lotus                       : Nelumbium speciosum

• Mango                     : Mangifera Indica

• Neelakurinji             : Strobilanthes Kunthiana

• Neem                       : Azardirachta Indica

• Rice                         : Oryza Sativa

• Tapoica                    : Manihot utilissima

• Tea                           : Cammelia Sinensis

• Thumba                   : Leucas aspera

• Tulsi                        : Ocimum Sanctum

• Banyan tree             : Ficus Benghalensis

• Golden shower        : Cassia Fistula

• Rubber                    : Hevea Brasiliensis

• Flowering plants in which seeds are not exclosed in fruits are called

                 Gymnosperms (Pinus, fir, cedar etc)

• Tissues which give strength and support to plants and hardest part of plants

                 Schlerenchyma

• Soft parts of plants made up of

                 Parenchyma

• Plants which live for one season 

                 Annuals (Paddy, Broccoli, Peas)

• Plants which live for two seasons 

                 Biennials (Carrot, Radish, Beatroot, Onion, Cabbage)

• Plants which live for many seasons 

                 Perennials (Trees)

• Plant tissues which transport food from leaves to various parts of the body

                 Phloem

• Plant tissues which transport nutrients from root to leaves

                 Xylem

• Nitrogen fixing bacteria lives in the root of pea plants

                 Rhizobium

• Plant which stores food in its stem

                 Sugarcane

• Photosynthetic site in Cactus

                 Stem

• In Cabbage, food is stored in

                 Leaf

• Crop which absorb Ammonia directly

                 Paddy

• Wax like substance covered over the leaf

                 Cuticle

• Milky juice oozes out from Rubber is

                 Latex

• Opium is obtained from the immature fruit of

                 Poppy

• Pores in the epidermis is called as

                 Stomata

• Method of growing plants without soil

                 Hydroponics

• Plants which store food in underground stem

                 Onion, Potato, Ginger, Yam, Turmeric

• Gaseous exchange in plants take place through

                 Stomata

• Flowerless or Seedless plants are called

                 Cryptogams

• Plant without chlorophyll

                 Mushroom, Fungi

• Amphibian of plant kingdome

                 Bryophyta

• Cleaning workers of nature

                 Fungus

• Plant which generate highest amount of oxygen

                 Ficus tree

• PLargest botanic garden in India

                 J C Bose botanical garden, Kolkata

• Scientist who discovered that plants have life

                 J C Bose

• Scientist who discovered Crescograph whic measure plant movement

                 J C Bose

• Largest flower in the world

                 Rafflesia

• Tallest flower in the world

                 Titan Arum

• Smallest flower in the world

                 Wolffia

• Biggest tree in the world

                 General Sherman (Giant Sequoia)

• Largest flowering plant

                 Eucalyptus

• Plant having single leaf

                 Elephant foot yam

• Largest leaf

                 Raffia Palm

• Largest fruit

                 Jack fruit

• Largest seed

                 Coco de mer

• Biggest Algae

                 Giant Kelp

• Smallest fungi

                 Yeast

• Smallest seeds

                 Orchid seeds

• Fastest growing plant

                 Bamboo

• Water plant having biggest leaf

                 Victoria Regia

• Movement of plants towards light

                 Phototropism

• Movement of plants in response to gravitational force

                 Geotropism

• Movement of plants in response to temperature

                 Thermotropism

• Movement of plants induced by chemical stimulation

                 Chemotropism

• Movement of plants in response to water

                 Hydrotropism

• Movement of plants in response to touch stimulus

                 Haptotropism (Thigmotropism)

• Movement of plants in response to temperature

                 Thermotropism

• Movement of plants in response to alternation of day and night

                 Nyctinastic movement

• Transfer of pollengrains from anther to the stigma of a flower is called

                 Pollination

• In Sunflower, pollination happens with the help of

                 Honey bee

• In Banana plant, pollination happens with the help of

                 Bats

• In Vallisneria pollination happens with the help of

                 Water

• In Pepper, pollination happens with the help of

                 Rain

• Spice which cannot self pollinate

                 Vanilla

• Dispersal of seeds by ant

                 Myrmecochory

• Seed dispersal in coconut happens through

                 Water
                                                                                                 (To be Continued...)

Biology 15

ജന്തുലോകത്തിൻറെ വിശേഷങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ. ഷഡ്‌പദങ്ങൾ, പക്ഷികൾ, ശ്വാസനാവയവങ്ങൾ, ഉരഗങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് അതിൽ പ്രധാനം

• Study of origin of life

                 Abiogenesis

• Two kingdom classification was proposed by

                 Carl Linnaeus

• Five kingdom classification was proposed by

                 R H Whittaker

• Smallest form of animal life

                 Bacteria

• Grass eating animals are called

                 Herbivores

• Flesh eating animals are called

                 Carnivores

• Animals eating both grass and flesh are called

                 Omnivores

• Egg laying animals are called

                 Oviparous

• Animals which giving birth to the young ones are called

                 Viviparous

• Examples of cold blooded animals

                 Fishes, Amphibians, Reptiles

• Examples of warm blooded animals

                 Birds, Mammals

• Largest class of animals living on Earth

                 Insects (Phylum Arthropoda)

• No of legs of insects

                 6

• Chemical which helps to communicate among insects

                 Pheromone

• External covering of insects are made of 

                 Chitin

• Organisms capable of seeing UV rays

                 Insects

• Wingless insects

                 Silver fish

• Chemical compound containing in the shell of eggs

                 Calcium Carbonate

• Insect known as Painted lady

                 Butterfly

• Respiratory organ of Spider and Scorpions

                 Booklungs

• Respiratory organ of Housefly and Cockroach

                 Trachea

• Respiratory organ of Prawn, Tadpole and fishes

                 Gills

• Whale           : Lungs

• Earthworm    : Skin

• Frog              : Skin and Lungs

• Excretory organ of Earthworm

                 Nephridia

• Excretory organ of Cockroach

                 Malpighian tube

• Excretory organ of Amoeba

                 Contractile vacuole

• Larva of Mosquito

                 Riggler

• Larva of Cockroach

                 Nymph

• Fastest insect \ Insect that lay eggs in water

                 Dragonfly

• Mosquito which lay eggs in stagnent water

                 Culex

• Vitamins present in fish oil

                 Vitamin A and D

• Largest fish in the world

                 Whale Shark

• Largest fresh water fish

                 Cat fish

• Which is known as poor man's fish

                 Sardine

• Living fossile fish

                 Coelacanth

• Fish which can generate electric current in its own body

                 Eel

• Smallest fish

                 Paedocypris

• Which is known as dog fish

                 Shark

• First fish in India to get legal protection

                 Hilsa (West Bengal)

• Smallest amphibians are

                 Tree frog

• Largest amphibian ever found

                 Salamander

• The amphibian that doesn't have teeth

                 Toad

• Largest reptile

                 Asian salt water crocodile

• Smallest reptile

                 Lizard

• Animal with longest lifespan

                 Tortoise

• Organism which has maximum number of ribs

                 Snakes

• Part of body affected by the poison of cobra

                 Brain (Nervous system)

• Countries which have no snakes

                 Ireland, New Zealand, Iceland

• Island which has no poisonus snakes

                 Madagascar

• Country having large no of reptiles

                 Australia

• Largest snake is

                 Green Anaconda (Amazone)

• Snakes which giving birth to the young ones

                 Viper

• Snakes which build nests for laying eggs

                 King Kobra

• Largest bird and bird with longest lifespan

                 Ostrich

• Smallest bird or bird wich can fly backwards

                 Humming bird

• King of birds is

                 Vulture

• Only bird having nostrils at the tip of their beak

                 Kiwi

• Which is called as Stupid bird

                 Duck

• Bird laying smallest egg

                 Humming bird

• Sense of vision is high in which bird

                 Perigrine Falcon

• Structure that helps to produce sound in birds is

                 Syrinx

• Birds seen only in New Zealand

                 Kiwi

• Birds seen only in Australia

                 Emu

• Bird laying largest egg

                 Ostrich (1.5 Kg)

• No of fingers on Ostrich's leg

                 Two

• Birds having largest wings

                 Albatross

• Bird which take longest migration

                 Artic turn

• Bird which is called as Police of the bird kingdom

                 King Crow

• Bird that can turn his head 360 degree

                 Owl

• Bird that can fly without making any sound

                 Owl

• Approximate body temperature of birds

                 41 degree C

• Who is called as Pope of Indian Ornithology

                 A O Hume

• Bird man of India

                 Salim Ali

• Birds of Travancore and Cochin was written by

                 Salim Ali

• Autobiography of Salim Ali

                 Fall of a Sparrow

• Birds of Kerala was written by

                 Induchoodan (KK Neelakandan)
                                                                                                (To be Continued...)

Biology 14

രോഗങ്ങളുടെ അപരനാമങ്ങൾ, ടെസ്റ്റുകൾ, ജനിതകശാസ്ത്രം, ക്ലോണിങ്, ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തിലെ പിതാക്കന്മാർ എന്നിവരുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ 

• Which disease is called as "Bleeders's disease", "Christmas disease", and "Royal disease"

                  Haemophilia

• Black death            : Plague

• White Plague         : Tuberculosis

• Koch's disease       : Tuberculosis

• Killer Pneumonia  : SARS

• Grid disease           : AIDS

• Slim disease           : AIDS

• Grave's disease       : Exophthalmic Goitre

• Weil's disease         : Rat fever

• Break bone fever    : Dengue fever

• Marsh fever            : Malaria

• Hansen's disease     : Leprosy

• Leukemia                : Blood cancer

• Hydrophobia           : Rabies

• German Measles     : Rubella

• Shaking Plasy         : Parkinsons

• Flue                         : Influenza

• Pertussis                  : Whooping cough

• Rubeola\Morbilli    : Measles

• "DOT Test", "Mantoux test", "Tine test" etc are using for the diagnosis of which disease

                  Tuberculosis

• Widal test                 : Typhoid

• Schick test                : Diptheria

• Tourniquet test          : Dengue fever

• PCR test\Newa test   : AIDS

• Histamine test           : Leprosy

• Lepromin test            : Leprosy

• Rose Bengal test        : Dry eye

• Ishihara test                : Colour Blindness

• Mammography           : Breast Cancer

• Biopsy test                  : Cancer

• "Paralysis", "Rabies" and "Polio" are affecting which part of our body

                  Nervous system

• AIDS                           : Immune system

• Hauntington disease    : Central Nervous System

• Meningitis                   : Meninges

• Tonsillitis                     : Tonsil gland

• Goitre                           : Thyroid gland

• Addison's disease         : Adrenal gland

• Diphtheria                    : Throat

• Typhoid                        : Intestine

• Diabetes                        : Pancreas

• Nephritis                       : Kidney

• Leukemia                      : Blood

• Malaria                         : Spleen

• Rickets                          : Bone

• Osteomyelitis                : Bone

• Trachoma                      : Eyes

• Father of Genetics (Principles of Law of inheritance were enunciated by)

                  Gregor Mendel

• Study of heredity and variation

                  Genetics

• Transfer of characters from generation to generation is known as 

                  Heredity

• Hereditary unit which determine the character of an organim

                  Genes (Discovered by Walter S Sutten)

• Which is called as Blue print of life

                  Genes

• Artificial gene was discovered by

                  Har Gobind Khorana

• Structure of DNA was discovered by

                  Watson and Crick in 1953

• Nitrogen bases in DNA

                  Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosin

• Nitrogen bases in RNA instead of Thymine in DNA

                  Uracil

• No of Chromosomes in human cells is

                  46 (23 pair)(44 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes)

• Sex of a new born baby is determined by

                  Y chromosome of father

• Chromosomes which determines the body characters of an organism

                  Autosomes

• Bt in Bt Cotton stands for

                  Bacillus Thuringiensis

• Process of removing defective gene and replacing with healthy gene at that place is known as

                  Gene Therapy

• Study of number of functions and structure of genes seperately

                  Genome mapping

• Science dealing with formation of new combination of heritable material and manipulation of genes is 

                  Genetic Engineering

• Presence of 45 autosomes instead of 46 is known as 

                  Down Syndrome (Mangolism)

• No of chromosomes in beans

                  22

• Guppy           : 46

• Gorilla           : 48

• Mouse           : 40

• Elephant        : 56

• Cow\Goat      : 60

• Donkey          : 62

• Horse             : 64

• Dog\Chicken : 78

• Pigeon            : 80

• Father of Cloning

                  Ian Wilmut

• First clonned animal

                  Dolly Sheep (Roslin research Institute, Scotlant)

• First clonned animal in India

                  Samrupa Buffallo (National diary research Institute Haryana)

• Second clonned animal in India

                  Darima Buffallo

• First clonned pashmina goat

                  Noori

• Cat             : Carbon copy

• Dog            : Snuppy

• Monkey      : Tetra

• Horse          : Promithya

• Rat              : Tetra

• Camel         : Injas

• Cow            : Victoria

• Theory of Inheritance of acquired characters introduced by

                  Lamarck

• Theory of natural selection introduced by

                  Charles Darwin

• Mutation theory was introduced by

                  Hugo DeVries

• Survival of the fittest and struggle for existance are a part of

                  Theory of natural selection (Darwinism)

• Faher of modern Genetics

                  T H Morgan

• Taxonomy                   : Carl Linnaeus

• Cytology                     : Robert Hook

• Tissue cultue               : Haberland

• Microbiology              : Louis Pasteur

• DNA fingerprinting    : Haberland

• Virology                      : W M Stanley

• Immunology                : Edward Jenner

• Antibiotics                   : Alexander Fleming

• Modern Medicine        : Hippocrates

• Homeopathy                : Samuel Haniman

• Surgery                        : Sushrutha

• Embriology                 : Aristotle

• Bio diversity               : E O Wilson

• Psycho Analysis         : Sigmund Freud

• Open heart surgery     : Walton Lillehei

• Indian Ornithology     : A O Hume

                                                                                     (To be Continued...)

Biology 13

അസുഖങ്ങൾ, ചികിത്സ രീതികൾ, രോഗകാരികൾ, പകർച്ചാ രീതികൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Study of diseases

                Pathology

• King of diseases

                Tuberculosis

• Disease spread by rat fleas

                Plague

• Disease caused by bite of mad dog

                Rabies

• Most common infectious disease that affect human

                Common cold (Nasopharyngitis)

• Largest TB burden country

                India

• Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells is known as

                Cancer

• Study of Cancer

                Oncology

• Diseases caused by bacteria

                Cholera, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Tetanus, Diphtheria, Typhoid, Plague, Rat fever, Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Anthrax, Throat infection, Food poison, Pertussis

• Diseases caused by Virus

                Chickenpox, Common cold, Measles, Polio myelitis, Rabies, Warts, Small pox, Dengue fever, Chikunguniya, SARS, Swine flue, Bird flue, Hand foot and mouth diseases, Mumps

• Diseases caused by Fungus

                Athlete foot, Ring worm, Aspergillosis, Candidiasis

• Diseases caused by genetics

                Haemophilia, Sickle cell anemia, Colour blindness, Huntington Diseases

• Billirubin test is used to detect

                Jaundice

• Diseases caused by Rickettsia

                Typhus

• Scientist who formulated the Germ theory of diseases

                Louis Pasteur

• Examples of life style diseases

                Diabetes, High blood pressure, Obesity, Heart diseases

• Treatment of diseases or disabilities by massaging and excercises is known as

                Physiotherapy

• Bacterial diseases can be treated with

                Antibiotics

• Bacteria were discovered by

                Anton Van Leeuwenhock (Name coined by Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg)

• Reproduction of bacteria is mainly by

                Binary fission

• Spherical or oval shaped bacteria are called

                Coccus

• Rod shaped bacteria are called

                Bacillus

• Comma shaped bacteria are called

                Vibrion

• Spherical or oval shaped bacteria are called

                Coccus

• Spiral shaped bacteria are called

                Spirillum

• Virus was discovered by

                Dimitri Ivanovski

• Mushrooms are part of the kingdom

                Fungi

• Antibiotic Penicilion produced from which fungus

                Penicillium notatum

• Yeast belongs to group of fungi

                Ascomycetes

• First outbreak of Ebola occured in

                Sudan (1976)

• The disease Ebola got its name from

                Ebola river (Zair) (Ebola means black river)

• Ebola virus transmitted through 

                Fruit bats

• Medicine approved by WHO against Ebola

                ZMapp

• First country which was declared free from Ebola by WHO is

                Senegal

• Insect spreading African sleeping sickness

                Tse tse fly (Trypanosoma protozoa)

• Insect spreading Leishmaniasis

                Sand fly (Leishmania protozoa)

• Protozoa causing Malaria

                Plasmodium (Spread by Anopheles Mosquito)

• Virus causing AIDS

                HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

• Country which have largest number of AIDS patients 

                South Africa

• Primary test for identifying AIDS

                ELISA Test (Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay)

• Confirmatory test for AIDS

                Western blot Test

• In world AIDS was first reported in

                USA (1981)

• In India AIDS was first reported in

                Chennai

• In Kerala AIDS was first reported in

                Pathanamthitta

• Treatment of AIDS available through Govt hospitals

                AntiRetroviral Treatment (ART)

• Universal symbol for awareness and support for AIDS patients

                Red Ribon

• H1N1 infection spread through

                Droplet Nuclei

• AIDS stands for

                Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome

• SARS stands for

                Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome

• First successful antiviral vaccine was developed for

                Smallpox

• Totally eradicated disease by vaccination from the world

                Smallpox

• Smallpox vaccine was made from

                Vaccinia

• Last case of smallpox in India was reported in

                1975

• Triple vaccine (DPT) was for

                Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus

• Penta vaccine was for

                Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Hepatitis B, Haemophilus Influenzae B

• Which place is known as capital of Ayurveda

                Kottakkal

• Kerala Ayurvedic studies and research society is at

                Kottakkal, Malappuram

• Vaccine used against Chickenpox

                Varicella vaccine

• Vaccine used against Measles, Mumps and Rubella

                MMR Vaccine

• Vaccine used against Polio

                Inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) and Oral polio vaccine (OPV)

• Vaccine used against Influenza

                HIB vaccine

• Vaccine used against Tuberculosis

                BCG vaccine

• Examples of Air born diseases

                Tuberculosis, Small pox, Measles, Chicken pox, Anthrax, Influenza, SARS, Mumps, Diphtheria, Pertussis

• Examples of Water born diseases

                Cholera, Typhoid, Rat fever, Hepatitis, Polio

• Filariasis spread through

                Culex mosquitos

• Diseases spread by Aedes aegypti

                Chikungunia, Yellow fever, Dengue fever

• SARS was first reported in

                China (In India at Goa)

• Chikungunya was first reported in

                Tansania (In India at Kolkata)

• Bird flue was first reported in

                Hongkong (In India at Nandarbar, Maharashtra)

• Swine flue was first reported in

                Mexico (In India at Hyderabad)

• Dengue fever was first reported in India at

                Kolkata
                                                                          (To be Continued...)

Biology 12

ഗ്രന്ഥികൾ, ഹോർമോണുകൾ, പ്രത്യുൽപാദനം എന്നീ പ്രധാന ഭാഗങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Study of glands and hormones of the body

                  Endocrinology

• Glands which produce their secretions through ducts are known as 

                  Ducted glands (Eg: Lachrymal glands, Salivary glands, sweat glands, liver)

• Glands which produce their secretions directly into blood streams are known as 

                  Ductless glands (Eg: Endocrine glands)

• Non nutriet chemical messengers of the body

                  Hormones

• Who coined the term "Hormone"

                  E H Starling

• First discovered hormone

                  Secretin

• Only gland in the body which acts as both exocrine and endocrine (heterocrine)

                  Pancreas

• Which gland is known as Adams Apple

                  Thyroid gland

• Which gland is known as Master gland or growth gland

                  Pituitary gland

• Which gland is known as Biological clock

                  Pineal gland

• Which is known as growth hormone

                  Somatotropin

• Which is known as Emergency hormone or hormones of flight

                  Adrenaline

• Which is known as Juvanile hormone or Youth hormone

                  Thymosine

• Which is known as Surgical hormone

                  Nor-adrenaline

• Deficiency of growth hormone somatotropine leads to

                  Dwarfism

• Over production of somatotropine leads to

                  Gigantism (in children), Acromegaly (in adults)

• Deficiency of vasopressin leads to

                  Diabetes insipidus

• Deficiency of Thyroxine leads to

                  Myxedima (Adults), Cretinism (children)

• Over production of Thyroxine leads to

                  Exophthalmic Goitre

• Deficiency of Parathormone leads to

                  Tetany

• Over production of Parathormone leads to

                  Osteoporosis (destrution of bones)

• Over production of Aldosterone leads to

                  Conn's syndrome

• Deficiency of Insulin leads to

                  Diabetes Mellitus

• Over production of Parathormone leads to

                  Insulin shock (sugar level falls below 43 mg/100ml)

• Hormone produced by Pituitary gland

                  Somatotropin and Prolactin (milk secreting hormone)

• Gland which controls all other endocrine glands

                  Pituitary gland

• Gland situated over Kidneys

                  Adrenal gland

• Outer part of Adrenal glands

                  Adrenal cortex

• Inner part of Adrenal glands

                  Adrenal medulla

• Hormone produced by Adrenal medulla

                  Adrenalin and nor adrenalin

• Disorder caused by the under functioning of Adrenal glands

                  Addison's disease

• Group of hormones produced by Adrenal cortex

                  Corticoids (Glucocorticoid, Mineralocorticoids, Sex hormones)

• Tendency to appear male characteristics in female is known as 

                  Virilism

• Tendency to appear female characteristics in male is known as 

                  Gynecomastia

• Which is called as 3F (Fear, flight, fight) and 4S (Sugar metabolism, Salt retaining, Sex and source of energy) gland

                  Adrenal gland

• Largest endocrine gland in human body

                  Thyroid gland

• Hormones produced by Thyroid gland

                  Thyroxine and Calcitonin

• Persistant over secretion of Thyroxine (hyperthyroidism) leads to

                  Graves disease

• Mineral which required for the healthy functioning of thyroid gland

                  Iodine

• Which gland controls growth and metabolism

                  Thyroid gland

• Normal level of Calcium in human blood

                  10-12 mg/100ml

• Hormone which lowers the concentration of Calcium in blood when it raises

                  Calcitonin

• Which hormone increases the rate of chemical reactions in all cells of body

                  Thyroxine

• Hormone which raises the concentration of Calcium in blood when it lowers

                  Parathormone

• Gland situated behind thyroid

                  Parathyroid

• Parathormone is produced by

                  Parathyroid

• Hormones secreted by Pancreas

                  Insulin and Glucagon

• Digestive juice produced by Pancreas

                  Pancreatic juice

• Region of Pancreas that produces hormones

                  Islets of Langerhans (Alpha and Beta cells)

• Glucagon secreted by

                  Alpha cells

• Insulin secreted by

                  Beta cells

• Hormone which converts excess glucose into glycogen

                  Insulin

• Hormone which converts glycogen into glucose

                  Glucagon

• Normal sugar level in human blood

                  80-120 mg/100ml

• Condition of excreting excess sugar throgh urine when the level exceeds 150 mg

                  Diabetis melitus

• Hormone secreted by Thymus gland

                  Thymosin

• Thymus gland fully developed at the age of

                  7 (Disappear by 14)

• Hormone secreted by Pineal gland

                  Melatonin and Seratonin

• Hormone which plays an important role in the regulation of 24 hour rhythm

                  Melatonin

• Hormone which is known as Hormone of darkness or Sleep hormone

                  Melatonin

• Which hormone functions as antioxidant

                  Melatonin

• Deficiency of melatonin causes

                  Sleeplessness

• Hormone which plays an important role in sending messages between cells

                  Serotonin (Neuro transmitter)

• Deficiency of Serotonin causes

                  Depression

• Hormone produced by testes

                  Testosterone

• Hormone produced by Ovary

                  Estrogen, Progeterone

• Hormone produced by stomach

                  Gastrin, Somatostatin

• Average period of human pregnancy

                  280 days (38 weeks)

• Process of joining ovum and sperm is called 

                  Fertilization

• Fertilization take place at

                  Fallopian tube

• Embryo gets Oxygen and nutrients through

                  Placenta

• Double membrane which protects Embryo 

                  Amnion

• Technology used for Test tube baby

                  IVF (In Vitro Fertilization)

• IVF discovered by

                  Robert G Edward and Patrik Steptoe

• First test tube baby in the world

                  Louis Brown (1978 July 25)

• First test tube baby in India

                  Baby Durga (1978, Kolkata)

• First test tube baby in India created by

                  Dr. Subhash Mukhopadhyay

• Second test tube baby in India

                  Baby Harsha

• First test tube baby in South India

                  Kamala Ratnam (1990)

• Sterilization process in male

                  Vasectomy
                                                                                           (To be Continued...)

Biology 11

വൃക്കകൾ, അസ്ഥികൾ, പേശികൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Average weight of human kidney

                150 gms

• Functional unit of kidney

                Nephron

• Amount of blood circulte through kidney per minute

                1100 ml/minute

• Blood vessel which carry blood to kidney

                Renal vein

• Cup shaped part of nephron

                Bowman's capsule

• Function of kidney

                Excretion (Removal of excess water, salts and waste products)

• Organ which purifies blood

                Lungs (by mixing oxygen)

• Condition by which both kidneys fail to function

                Uremia

• Presence of excess amount of urea in blood is called

                Uremia

• Presence of excess amount of haemoglobin in urin is called

                Haemoglobinuria

• Treatment using ultra sound waves to breakup kidney stones into small pieces

                Lithotripsy

• Urea removed from the body by

                Kidneys

• Amount of urine produced in an adult human in 24 hours

                1.5 Litre

• Pigment which give yellow color to Urine

                Urochrome

• Study of kidney is called

                Nephrology

• Surgical removal of kidney is called

                Nephrectomy

• Inflamation of kidney due to infection is called

                Nephritis

• Which is called as Bright's disease

                Nephritis

• Major hormones produced by kidneys are 

                Erythropoietin and Renin

• Chemical name of kidney stone

                Calcium Oxalate

• Pain caused by kidney stones is called

                Renal Colic

• Organ affected by poison of Viper

                Kidney

• First organ transplanted in the world

                Kidney

• First kidney transplantation in the world was done by

                Dr Joseph Murray

• Dialysis is given to patients suffering from

                Kidney failure

• Element which cause kidney disease is

                Cadmium

• Study of bones

                Osteology

• Formation of bones is called

                Osteogenesis

• Compound which present in high amount in bones is

                Calcium Phosphate

• Metal which is abundant in bones is

                Calcium

• Diseses affecting bones is

                Osteoarthritis, Osteomalacia, Rheumatoid arthritis

• Tissue that connects a bone to other bone is called

                Ligament

• Tissue that connects a bone to muscle is called

                Tendon

• Inflamation of joints is called

                Arthritis

• Which diseses is called as wear and tear arthritis

                Osteoarthritis

• Inflamation of joints due to the accumulation of uric acid is called

                Gout

• Total no of bones in human body

                206

• Total no of facial bones

                14

• Total no of bones in ribs

                24

• Total no of bones in cranium

                8

• Total no of bones in skull

                22

• Total no of bones in neck

                7

• Scientific name of knee cap

                Pattella

• Only movable bone in skull

                Mandible (Lower jaw)

• Largest joint in human body

                Knee

• Strongest facial bone

                Mandible

• Largest bone in human body

                Femur

• World Osteoporosis day

                October 20

• First bone bank in India setup at

                Chennai

• Study of muscles is called

                Myology

• Process of formation of muscle cell

                Myogenesis

• Total no of muscles in human body

                639

• Percentage of weight of muscles in human body

                40-50%

• Protein present in muscles

                Myosin and actin

• Pigment present in muscles

                Myoglobin

• Strongest muscle in human body

                Masseter

• Longest muscle in human body

                Sartorius

• Largest muscle in human body

                Gluteus maximus

• Smallest muscle in human body

                Stapedius

• Hormone which controls the contraction of muscles is

                Oxytocin

• Muscles in hand

                Biceps and Triceps

• Restless muscle in human body

                Cardiac muscle

• Most frequently working muscle

                Eyelids

• Instrument used to measure muscle contraction

                Kymograph

• Exhaustion of muscle is known as

                Muscle fatigue

• Muscle disease which is known as Lock jaw disease

                Tetanus

• Muscle disease caused by lack of calcium or under functioning of parathyroid gland

                Tetany
                                                                          (To be Continued...)