Biology 3

പ്രോട്ടീൻ, ഫാറ്റ്, മിനറൽസ്, ജലം തുടങ്ങിയ പോഷക ഘടകങ്ങളും വിറ്റാമിനുകളുടെ രാസനാമങ്ങളുമാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Proteins are made up of

                  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

• Functions of proteins are

                  Building up of body, growth and repair

• Nutrients known as body builders

                  Protein

• During starvation, which nutrient serve as source of energy

                  Protein

• Basic building units of Proteins

                  Amino acids

• Highest percentage of Protein (72%) is present in 

                  Soyabean

• Digestion of Carbohydrate begins in 

                  Mouth

• Digestion of Protein begins in 

                  Stomach

• Deficiency of protein in children causes 

                  Marasmus and Kwashiorkar

• Nutrient which turn yellow with Nitric acid

                  Protein

• Simple unit of fat is

                  Triglyceride

• Simple unit of Carbohydrate is

                  Glucose

• Function of fat is

                  Serves as stored food for production of energy

• Energy sources in human body

                  Fats and Carbohydrates

• Main sources of fats are

                  Groundnuts, almonds, ghee, butter etc

• Energy provided by one gram of Carbohydrate is

                  4 Calorie

• Energy provided by one gram of Protein is

                  4.1 Calorie

• Energy provided by one gram of Fat is

                  9.3 Calorie

• Inorganic substances required by body in small quntities

                  Minerals

• Minerals required for the production of haemoglobin

                  Iron

• Minerals required for the production of Insulin

                  Zinc

• Min daily requirement of Iron for an adult

                  10 mg

• Defieiency of Calcium causes

                  Tetany (Muscles), Osteoporosis (Bones), Stunded growth

• Minerals required in large amount (Macro minerals)

                  Sodium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Sulphur

• Minerals required by the body in traces are (Micro minerals)

                  Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium, Copper, Manganese etc

• Percentage of water in human body

                  65%

• Quantity of water in body of a healthy person

                  35-40 Liter

• Water content of Plasma

                  92%

• Quantity of Plasma in blood

                  55%

• Deficiency of Iron in human body causes

                  Anemia

• Deficiency of Sodium in human body causes

                  Improper muscle contraction

• Deficiency of Iodine in human body causes

                  Goiter, Cretinism, Myxodema

• Deficiency of Zinc in human body causes

                  Reduced respiration

• Chemical name of Vitamin A

                  Retinol

• Chemical name of Vitamin B1

                  Thiamin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B2

                  Riboflavin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B3

                  Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)

• Chemical name of Vitamin B5

                  Pantothenic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin B6

                  Pyridoxine

• Chemical name of Vitamin B7

                  Biotin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B9

                  Folic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin B12

                  Cobalamin

• Chemical name of Vitamin C

                  Ascorbic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin D

                  Calciferol

• Chemical name of Vitamin E

                  Tocopherol

• Chemical name of Vitamin K

                  Phylloquinone
                                                                                 (To be Continued...)