Social Welfare Schemes 2

ICDS, ജവഹർ റോസ്ഗാർ യോജന, കുടുംബശ്രീ തുടങ്ങിയ പദ്ധതികളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Integrated Child Development Scheme (ICDS) was started by which Prime Minister

                  Indira Gandhi

• ICDS was started during which Five year plan

                  5th Five year plan

• ICDS was lunched on

                  2nd October 1975 (106th birth anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi)

• ICDS comes under

                  Ministry of women and child development

• Coordination of ICDS in block level is by

                  Child development project officer

• Coordination of ICDS in district level is by

                  District Program Officer

• Main services sponsored under ICDS are

                  Immunization, Supplementary nutrition, Health checkup, Pre-school non-formal education, nutrition and health information, Referral services

• The institution provides credit for ICDS projects like construction of Anganvadi buildings

                  World bank

• Main beneficiaries of ICDS

                  Children belongs to 0-6 years of age, Pregnant and lactating mothers and adolescent girls in backward rural areas, tribal areas and urban areas

• For nutritional purpose of children below 6 years of age ICDS provide

                  300 Calories with 8-10 gms of protein everyday

• For nutritional purpose of adolescent girls ICDS provide

                  500 Calories with 25 gms of protein everyday

• Activities of ICDS are conducted through

                  Anganvadies

• International organizations providing assistance to ICDS

                  World bank and UNICEF

• Sneha Shivir is the component of

                  ICDS

• First ICDS project in Kerala was setup in 1975 at

                  Vengara Block, Malappuram

• Primary target of ICDS was

                  Reduce the child death ration to 2/3 by 2015

• Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY) was started by which Prime Minister

                  Rajiv Gandhi

• JRY was started during which Five year plan

                  7th Five year plan

• Main objective of JRY

                  Additional gainful employment for the unemployed and under employed person in rural areas

• Program which came into existence after the merging of National rural employment program (NREP) and Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program (RLEGP)

                  JRY

• Minimum number of days of employment provided by JRY

                  90-100 Days

• Percentage of opportunities shared for women in JRY

                  30%

• Who is responsible for the work planning and implementation of JRY

                  Grama Panchayats

• Plan which is considered as successor of JRY

                  Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana (JGSY)

• JGSY was introduced in

                  1st April 1999

• JGSY was merged with Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY) on

                  25th September 2001

• Kudumbashree was started by which Prime Minister

                  AB Vajpayee

• Kudumbashree was started during which Five year plan

                  9th Five year plan

• Kudumbashree was lunched on

                  17th May 1998

• Kudumbashree started functioning in urban local bodies in

                  1st April 1999

• Meaning of Kudumbashree is

                  Prosperity of the family

• Largest woman movement in Asia

                  Kudumbashree

• The base unit of Kudumbashree is

                  Neighbourhood group

• No of members in Kudumbashree unit

                  10 to 20

• Slogan of Kudumbashree

                  Reaching out of families through women and reaching out to community through families

• Kudumbashree was lunched by

                  Govt of Kerala with support of Govt of India and NABARD

• Objective of Kudumbashree

                  Empowerment of women through self help groups and encouraging entrepreneurial or other wide range of activicties

• Kudumbashree units are registered in

                  Local self government

• Funds for Kudumbashree channelized through

                  Local self government

• Second level of Kudumbashree

                  Area Development Society (ADS)

• ADS is forming at

                  Ward level of Panchayat/Municipality

• Third level of Kudumbashree

                  Community Development Society (CDS)

• Kudumbashree initiative to sell quality food in corporation limit (Started in Kozhikode)

                  Food on wheels

• Brand ambassador of Kudumbashree organic farming

                  Manju Warrier

• Taxi service initiated by Kudumbashree for women

                  Kudumbashree travels

• Kudumbashree received the award from Commonwealth association for public administration and management in 

                  2000

• Kudumbashree inaugurated in 

                  Malappuram

• Kudumbashree inaugurated by

                  AB Vajpayee

• Female oriented community based poverty reduction project of Govt of Kerala

                  Kudumbashree

• Three components of Kudumbashree

                  Micro credit, entrepreneurship and empowerment

• Chairman of governing body of Kudumbashree is

                  Minister of local self government (2011 onwards Minister of Panchayat and Social welfare)

• Kudumbashree registered as 

                  State Poverty Eradication Mission

• Web portal of Kudumbashree 

                  Sree Sakthi

• Newly formed cultural wing of Kudumbashree

                  Rangashree
                                                                                   (To be Continued...)

Social Welfare Schemes 1

സെക്രട്ടറിയേറ്റ് അസിസ്റ്റൻറ് പോലുള്ള ഡിഗ്രി ലെവൽ പരീക്ഷകളിൽ പത്ത് മാർക്കിനുള്ള ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ സാമൂഹ്യക്ഷേമ പദ്ധതികളിൽ നിന്നും ചോദിക്കാറുണ്ട്. നന്നായി പഠിച്ചുകഴിഞ്ഞാൽ പോലും പരീക്ഷാ ഹാളിൽ കൺഫ്യൂഷൻ ഉളവാക്കാൻ പോന്നവയാണ് ഈ ഭാഗത്തെ ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ. ഇപ്പോളും പുതിയ പുതിയ പദ്ധതികൾക്ക് കേന്ദ്ര-സംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാരുകൾ രൂപം കൊടുക്കുന്നതിനാൽ ആനുകാലികവുമായും ഈ ഭാഗം ബന്ധപ്പെട്ടിരിക്കുന്നു. സാമൂഹ്യക്ഷേമ പദ്ധതികളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങൾ ആണ് നമുക്ക് തുടർന്ന് PSC ക്ലാസ്സ്മുറിയിൽ പഠിക്കാനുള്ളത്

 അന്ത്യോദയ അന്ന യോജന, ബാലിക സമൃദ്ധി യോജന, ഭാരത് നിർമ്മാൺ, ഇന്ദിര ആവാസ് യോജന എന്നീ പദ്ധതികളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളത് 

• Prime Minister who started Anthyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY)

                 AB Vajpayee

• Anthyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was started on

                 25th December 2000

• Anthyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY) was started at

                 Rajasthan

• Anthyodaya Anna Yojana was concerned for

                 Poorest of poor among BPL families

• Scheme started to provide rice and wheat at low rate through public distribution system

                 Anthyodaya Anna Yojana

• Anthyodaya Anna Yojana was implemented by

                 Food and civil supplies department

• AAY was started during the period of 

                 9th five year plan

• Food grains allocated through AAY

                 35 Kg of rice and wheat with 3Rs/Kg rice and 2Rs/Kg wheat

• Anthyodaya list in rural areas are approved by

                 Department of rural development

• Anthyodaya list in urban areas are approved by

                 Department of urban development

• Color of Anthyodaya ration card

                 Yellow

• Identification of Anthyodaya families and issuing ration cards is the responsibilities of 

                 State government

• Prime Minister who started Balika Samridhi Yojana (BSY)

                 IK Gujral

• BSY started on 

                 15th August 1997

• Five year plan during which BSY introduced 

                 9th Five year plan

• Grant amount for girl children under BSY

                 Rs. 500

• Beneficiaries of BSY

                 2 girl children in each household born on or after 15/8/1997

• Eligibility criteria for BSY

                 Girl children belongs to BPL, SC\ST family

• BSY implemented through

                 ICDS infrastructure in rural areas and functionaries of Health department in Urban areas

• Objectives of BSY are

                 To change the negative attitude towards girl children, To improve enrollment and retention of girl children in school, To raise the age of marriage of girls, To assist the girl to undertake income generating activities

• Insurance policy for girls associated with BSY

                 Bhagya Shri Balika Kalyan Bima Yojana

• Prime Minister who started Bharat Nirman

                 Manmohan Singh

• Bharat Nirman started on 

                 16th December 2005

• Five year plan during which Bharat Nirman introduced 

                 10th Five year plan

• Main objective of Bharat Nirman

                 Building infrastructure and bringing basic amenities to Rural India

• Aims of Bharat Nirman are

                 To provide safe drinking water to all under developed areas in India by 2012, To develop housing facilities for the poor, Provide electricity to every village, To provide additional 1 crore hecters of irrigational useful land by 2012, To cover 40% of rural areas with telecommunication by 2014, Provide broadband coverage to all Panchayath by the year 2012, Construct all weather roads by 2012 to connect all villages of India having a minimum population of 500

• Six parts included in Bharat Nirman

                 Water (National Rural Drinking Water Program), Roads (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana), Housing (Indira Awas Yojana), Telephone, Electricity (Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana), Irrigation

• Prime Minister who started Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)

                 Rajiv Gandhi

• IAY started on 

                 22 May 1985

• Five year plan during which IAY introduced 

                 7th Five year plan

• Amount granted under IAY for repairing house

                 Rs. 15000

• IAY was launched as a sub-scheme of 

                 RLEGP (Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program)

• IAY merged to Jawahar Rozgar Yojana in 

                 1989

• Which department has the responsibility of IAY 

                 Ministry of Rural Development

• Objective of IAY 

                 Construction of houses free of cost to SC/ST and poor below poverty line

• IAY is related to the construction of

                 Rural Housing

• IAY houses are allotted in the name of

                 Woman of the family or jointly between husband and wife

• IAY houses shall not be alienated for a period of

                 15 Years

• Software launched in 2010 to assist improved administration of IAY

                 Awaas Soft

• Amount of financial assistance given under IAY

                 70,000 in plain areas and 75,000 in high land areas

• Main sponsor of IAY is

                 Central Government

• IAY changed to an independent scheme on 

                 1st January 1996

• Necessary conditions to built houses in IAY

                 Sanitary Latrine, Smokeless kitchen, No involvement of contractors

• To integrate the provision of shelter with sanitation and drinking water, IAY enlarged in 1999-2000 as

                 Samagra Awas Yojana (SAY)

• New name of IAY

                 National Gramin Awaas Mission

• Extended beneficiaries of IAY

                 Non-SC/ST Categories, widows or next kin of defence personnel killed in action. Ex-service men and retired members of the para military forces

• Top up loan eligible for IAY beneficiaries

                 20,000/-
                                                                                                       (To be Continued...)

Biology 5

ഹോർമോണുകളും ഗ്രന്ഥികളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Study of origin of human

                Anthrapogenesis

• Scientific name of man

                Homo sapiens

• Genus to which man belongs

                Homo

• Species to which man belongs

                Sapiens

• Study of glands and hormones of the body

                Endocrinology

• Glands which produces their secretions through particular ducts

                Ducted glands

• Examples of ducted glands

                Lachrymal glands, salivary glands, liver and sweat glands

• Glands which leaves secretions directly into the blood system

                Ductless glands

• Examples of ductless glands

                Endocrine glands

• Non nutrient chemical messengers of the body

                Hormones

• The term hormone was first coined by

                EH Starling

• First discovered hormone

                Secretin

• Largest gland in human body

                Liver

• Largest endocrine gland in human body

                Thyroid gland

• Only one heterocrine gland (which acts as both endocrine and exocrine) in human body 

                Pancreas

• Part of brain that controls secretion of pituitary hormones

                Hypothalamus

• Only one neurocrine gland in human body

                Hypothalamus

• Hormones produced by Hypothalamus

                Oxytocin, Vasopressin

• Hormone which is called as ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone)

                Vasopressin

• Water balance in the body is mainly controlled by

                ADH

• Hormone which helps in the contraction of uterus during parturition

                Oxytocin

• Condition of excessive thirst and the excretion of excess urine due to the insufficient Vasopressin in the body is known as

                Diabetes insipidus

• Gland which is known as master gland

                Pituitary gland

• Hormones produced by Pituitary glands

                Somatotrophic hormone

• Hormone which is called as growth hormone

                Somatotrophic hormone

• Glands which controls other glands

                Pituitary glands

• Milk secreting hormones produced by Pituitary glands

                Prolactin

• Outer part of adrenal gland is known as 

                Adrenal cortex

• Inner part of adrenal gland is known as 

                Adrenal medulla

• Adrenal glands situated over

                Kidney

• Adrenal medulla producing hormones

                Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

• Hormones called as emergency hormones or hormones of flight\fight

                Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

• Hormones which increasing the heart beat and blood pressure

                Adrenaline and nor-adrenaline

• Hormone which is called as Surgical hormone

                Nor-adrenaline

• Hormone which is injecting after surgery to control the blood pressure

                Nor-adrenaline

• Group of hormones produced by Adrenal cortex is commonly called

                Corticoids

• Salt retaining hormone in human body

                Aldosterone

• Gland which is called as 3F and 4S gland

                Adrenal gland

• Sex hormones are produced by

                Adrenal cortex

• Largest endocrine gland in human body

                Thyroid gland

• Hormones produced by thyroid glands

                Thyroxine and calcitonin

• Mineral present in Thyroxine which is essential for the metabolism

                Iodine

• Mineral which is required for the healthy functioning of thyroid gland

                Iodine

• Major function of thyroid gland is to 

                Control growth and metamorphosis

• Enlargement of thyroid gland due to the insufficient iodine is called

                Simple goiter

• Hormones secreted by Pancreas

                Insulin and Glucagon

• Digestive juice produced by pancreas

                Pancreatic juice

• Insulin producing tissues in pancreas is known as

                Islets of Langerhans

• Alpha cells and Beta cells are present in 

                Islets of Langerhans

• Hormones secreted by Alpha cells

                Glucagon

• Hormones secreted by Beta cells

                Insulin

• Disease caused by the deficiency of insulin

                Diabetis

• Insulin produced outside human body

                Humulin

• Normal value of blood sugar in human blood

                80 to 120mg/100ml

• Condition of excretion of sugar through urine when its level in blood exceeds 150mg is called

                Diabetis melitus

• Hormone which converts excess glucose into glycogen

                Insulin

• Hormone which re-converts glycogen into glucose

                Glucagon
                                                                                   (To be Continued...)

Biology 4

വിറ്റാമിനുകളെ കുറിച്ചുള്ള കൂടുതൽ വിവരങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• The name Vitamin was coined by

                   Casimir Funk

• No of Vitamins discovered yet

                   13

• No of Vitamins in B complex

                   8

• Fat soluble Vitamins are

                   A,D,E, and K

• Water soluble Vitamins are

                   B and C

• Vitamins produced in small intestine due to the action of bacteria are

                   Vitamin B7, B5, K

• Nutrients which kn  known as co-enzyme

                   Vitamins

• Most important vitamin required for the health of eyes

                   Vitamin A

• Vitamin which is abundant in green leafy vegetables

                   Vitamin A

• Pigment which is known as pro vitamin A

                   Beta Carotene

• Vitamin which is abundant in milk

                   Vitamin A

• Vitamin which is abundant in bran

                   Vitamin B

• Vitamin which is sensitive to light

                   Vitamin B2

• Vitamin which gives pale yellow color to the milk is

                   Vitamin B2

• Vitamin lost if milk is exposed to sunlight for a long time

                   Vitamin B2

• Vitamin which is previously called as Vitamin H

                   Vitamin B7

• Vitamin which prevent premature graying of hair and hair loss

                   Vitamin B7

• Vitamin which contains the element Cobalt

                   Vitamin B12

• Man made form of Vitamin B12, used to treat Vitamin B12 deficiency diseases

                   Cyanocobalamin

• Main function of Cobalt in Vitamin B12

                   Absorption of Iron

• The first artificially synthesized vitamin is

                   Vitamin C

• Vitamin which deteriorates through cooking and canning of food

                   Vitamin C

• Vitamin which give immunity to our body and helps to heal the wound

                   Vitamin C

• Vitamin which improve the absorption of iron into blood

                   Vitamin C

• Vitamin which excreted through urine

                   Vitamin C

• Bleeding from gums occurs due to the deficiency of

                   Vitamin C

• Relatively large doses of ascorbic acid may cause

                   Indigestion and diarrhea

• Vitamin which is produced in the human body by the action of ultraviolet rays on the cholesterol present in the skin

                   Vitamin D

• Vitamin required for the proper development of bones and cartilage is 

                   Vitamin D

• Vitamin which helps to increase the rate of absorption of calcium into the body

                   Vitamin D

• Two forms of vitamin D are

                   Vitamin 2 (Ergosterol), Vitamin D3 (Colcalciferol)

• Vitamin which helps to protect the heart

                   Vitamin E

• Vitamin which abundant in egg yolk is 

                   Vitamin E

• Vitamin which helps blood clotting by forming prothrombin after an injury

                   Vitamin K

• Vitamin known as Sunshine vitamin

                   Vitamin D

• Vitamin known as Fresh food vitamin

                   Vitamin C

• Vitamin known as Anti-sterility vitamin

                   Vitamin E

• Vitamin known as Beauty vitamin

                   Vitamin E

• Vitamin known as Hormone vitamin

                   Vitamin E

• Vitamin known as anti ricketic vitamin

                   Vitamin D

• Vitamin known as Coagulation vitamin

                   Vitamin K

• Vitamin known as anti pellagra vitamin

                   Vitamin B3

• Deficiency of vitamin A causes

                   Xerophthalmia and night blindness

• Deficiency of vitamin B1 causes

                   Beri-Beri

• Deficiency of vitamin B3 causes

                   Pellagra

• Deficiency of vitamin B9 causes

                   Anaemia

• Deficiency of vitamin B12 causes

                   Perinicious anaemia

• Deficiency of vitamin C causes

                   Scurvy

• Deficiency of vitamin D causes

                   Rickets in children and Osteomalacia in adults

• Deficiency of vitamin E causes

                   Sterility

• Deficiency of vitamin K causes

                   Hemorrhage
                                                                                  (To be Continued...)

Biology 3

പ്രോട്ടീൻ, ഫാറ്റ്, മിനറൽസ്, ജലം തുടങ്ങിയ പോഷക ഘടകങ്ങളും വിറ്റാമിനുകളുടെ രാസനാമങ്ങളുമാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Proteins are made up of

                  Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

• Functions of proteins are

                  Building up of body, growth and repair

• Nutrients known as body builders

                  Protein

• During starvation, which nutrient serve as source of energy

                  Protein

• Basic building units of Proteins

                  Amino acids

• Highest percentage of Protein (72%) is present in 

                  Soyabean

• Digestion of Carbohydrate begins in 

                  Mouth

• Digestion of Protein begins in 

                  Stomach

• Deficiency of protein in children causes 

                  Marasmus and Kwashiorkar

• Nutrient which turn yellow with Nitric acid

                  Protein

• Simple unit of fat is

                  Triglyceride

• Simple unit of Carbohydrate is

                  Glucose

• Function of fat is

                  Serves as stored food for production of energy

• Energy sources in human body

                  Fats and Carbohydrates

• Main sources of fats are

                  Groundnuts, almonds, ghee, butter etc

• Energy provided by one gram of Carbohydrate is

                  4 Calorie

• Energy provided by one gram of Protein is

                  4.1 Calorie

• Energy provided by one gram of Fat is

                  9.3 Calorie

• Inorganic substances required by body in small quntities

                  Minerals

• Minerals required for the production of haemoglobin

                  Iron

• Minerals required for the production of Insulin

                  Zinc

• Min daily requirement of Iron for an adult

                  10 mg

• Defieiency of Calcium causes

                  Tetany (Muscles), Osteoporosis (Bones), Stunded growth

• Minerals required in large amount (Macro minerals)

                  Sodium, Chlorine, Potassium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium and Sulphur

• Minerals required by the body in traces are (Micro minerals)

                  Iron, Zinc, Iodine, Selenium, Copper, Manganese etc

• Percentage of water in human body

                  65%

• Quantity of water in body of a healthy person

                  35-40 Liter

• Water content of Plasma

                  92%

• Quantity of Plasma in blood

                  55%

• Deficiency of Iron in human body causes

                  Anemia

• Deficiency of Sodium in human body causes

                  Improper muscle contraction

• Deficiency of Iodine in human body causes

                  Goiter, Cretinism, Myxodema

• Deficiency of Zinc in human body causes

                  Reduced respiration

• Chemical name of Vitamin A

                  Retinol

• Chemical name of Vitamin B1

                  Thiamin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B2

                  Riboflavin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B3

                  Niacin (Nicotinic Acid)

• Chemical name of Vitamin B5

                  Pantothenic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin B6

                  Pyridoxine

• Chemical name of Vitamin B7

                  Biotin

• Chemical name of Vitamin B9

                  Folic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin B12

                  Cobalamin

• Chemical name of Vitamin C

                  Ascorbic acid

• Chemical name of Vitamin D

                  Calciferol

• Chemical name of Vitamin E

                  Tocopherol

• Chemical name of Vitamin K

                  Phylloquinone
                                                                                 (To be Continued...)

Biology 2

പ്ലാസ്റ്റിഡ്‌സ്, വർണ്ണവസ്തുക്കൾ, ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തിലെ പ്രധാന പുസ്തകങ്ങൾ, പോഷകങ്ങൾ, കാർബോഹൈഡ്രേറ്റ്സ്‌ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാദത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Flat circular organelle found in plant cells which is not present in animal cells

                 Plastids

• Three types of plastids

                 Chloroplasts, Leucoplasts, and Chromoplasts

• Site of Photosynthesis

                 Chloroplasts

• Plastids which give colors to flowers and leaves of plants

                 Chromoplasts

• Yellow color of turmeric is due to

                 Curcumin

• Orange color of Carrot is due to

                 Carotene

• Red color of tomato is due to

                 Lycopine

• Light energy is converted into chemical energy in the presence of

                 Chloroplasts

• Element present in Chlorophyll

                 Magnesium

• White colored or colorless plastids are called

                 Leucoplasts

• Plant that does not contain chlorophyll

                 Fungi

• Pigment in Chloroplasts which gives green color to the plants

                 Chlorophyll

• Pigment which gives purple and blue color to the flowers

                 Anthocyanin

• Pigment which gives yellow color to the leaves, fruits and flowers

                 Xanthophyll

• Which book is called as Physician's Handbook

                 Charaka Samhitha

• Author of Ashtanga Hridayam

                 Vagbhadacharya

• Author of Micrographia

                 Robert Hooke

• Author of The origin of species

                 Charles Darwin

• Author of History of Animals

                 Aristotle

• Author of Interpetation of Dreams

                 Sigmund Freuyd

• Author of The geographical distribution of Animals

                 Alfred Russel Wallace

• Author of Systema Naturae

                 Carl Linnaeus

• Organisms which prepare food their own are called as 

                 Autotrophs (Eg: Green plants)

• Organisms which cannot prepare food their own and is mainly dependent on green plants are  called as 

                 Heterotrophs

• Organisms which derive their food from dead and rotten materials are called as 

                 Saprophytes

• Examples of Saprophytes

                 Bacteria, mushrooms, yeast, bread mould etc

• Organisms that live on or inside other living organisms to derive their food are called

                 Parasites

• Authority which testifies the purity and quality of bottles of jiuce, squash, soap etc

                 Fruit Product Order (FPO)

• Examples of balanced diets

                 Milk, Soyabean

• Carbohydrates are made up of

                 Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

• Ratio of Hydrogen and Oxygen in Carbohydrates

                 2:1

• Examples of Carbohydrates

                 Glucose, Cellulose, Sugar starch etc

• Major function of Carbohydrates

                 Production of energy

• Sources of Carbohydrates are

                 Rice, wheat, honey, sugar, potato, carrot etc

• In plants carbohydrate is stored as

                 Starch

• In animals carbohydrate is stored as

                 Glycogen

• Carbohydrate required for an adult person per day

                 400-500gm

• Sugar present in high concentration in liver

                 Glycogen

• Maximum starch content in rice is

                 70-80%

• basic unit of starch is

                 Glucose

• Deficiency of carbohydrate cause

                 Weight loss and tiredness
                                                                                       (To be Continued...)

Biology 1

ജീവശാസ്ത്രത്തിലേക്ക് കടക്കുമ്പോൾ പ്രധാന ശാസ്ത്രജ്ഞന്മാരും കോശങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളത്.

• The branch of science that deals with the study of living things

                   Biology

• The term 'Biology' was coined by

                   Lamarck

• The term 'species' was coined by

                   John Ray

• Father of Biology

                   Aristotle

• Father of Zoology

                   Aristotle

• Father of Botany

                   Theophrastus

• Father of Modern Botany

                   Carl Linnaeus

• Father of Indian Botany

                   William Roxburgh

• Scientist who discovered that the body of plant is made up of cells

                   MJ Schleiden

• Scientist who discovered that the body of animal is made up of cells

                   Theodor Schwann

• Nucleus was discovered by

                   Robert Brown

• Structural and functional unit of life

                   Cell

• The word 'cell' was derived from the Latin word 'cellula' meaning

                   Small room

• Study of cells

                   Cytology

• Cell was discovered by

                   Robert Hooke

• A group of cells form a

                   Tissue

• Study of tissue

                   Histology

• Scientist who formulated the cell theory

                   MJ Schleiden and Theoder Schwann

• Scientist who suggested that all new cells are derived from pre-existing cells by division (Modify cell theory)

                   Rudolf Virchow

• Outermost covering of a plant cell is made up of

                   Cell wall

• Outermost covering of an animal cell is made up of

                   Cell membrane

• Cell wall is made up of

                   Cell wall

• Cell wall is  

                   Hardest and undigestable sugar, Abscent in animal cells

• Liquid found inside the cell is

                   Cytosol (Cytoplasm)

• Fluid living content of a cell that consist of Ctoplasm and Nucleoplasm

                   Protoplasm

• Physical basis of life is

                   Protoplasm

• Cell without nucleus is called

                   Prokaryotic Cell

• Cell with nucleus is called

                   Eukaryotic Cell

• Cell organalle which converts oxygen and nutrients into energy

                   Mitochondria

• Power house of a cell

                   Mitochondria

• In mitochondria, energy is stored in the form of 

                   ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

• Energy currency of a cell 

                   ATP

• Kreb's cycle takes place in

                   Mitochondria

• Cell organalle which helps in protein synthesis

                   Ribosomes

• Suicidal bags in cells

                   Lysosome

• Enzyme present in lysosome

                   Hydrolytic enzymes

• Sectertory of the Cell

                   Golgi Complex

• Cell organalle present in animal cells and not in Plant cell is

                   Centrioles

• Skeltal system of the cell

                   Golgi Bodies

• Genetic material of the cell

                   DNA

• Brain of the cell

                   Nucleus

• Kitchen of the cell

                   Chloroplast

• Cell division that take place in plant and animals for growth

                   Mitosis

• Cell division that take place in grem cells for the formation of gametes

                   Meiosis

• Largest Cell

                   Egg of Ostrich

• Smallest Cell

                   Mycoplasma

• Largest Cell in human

                   Ovum

• Smallest Cell in human

                   Sperm

• Longest Cell in human

                   Neuron

• Largest no of Cells in human body

                   Red Blood Cells (RBC)

• Blood cell having longest lifespan in human

                   Red Blood Cells
                                                                             (To be Continued...)