Chemistry 13

ഷുഗർ, ഗ്ലാസ് തുടങ്ങിയ നിത്യോപയോഗ വസ്തുക്കളിലെ രസതന്ത്രവുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Constituent elements of Sugar

                 Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

• Monosacchraids of Sucrose

                 Glucose and Fructose

• Sweetest natural Sugar

                 Fructose

• Artificial sweetner used by the diabetic patients

                 Aspartame

• Simplest Sugar

                 Glucose

• Common table Sugar

                 Sucrose

• Sugar in starch and barley

                 Maltose

• Sugar in Sugarcane

                 Sucrose

• Sugar in honey and fruits

                 Fructose

• Sugar in blood

                 Glucose

• An antiseptic used in mouth wash

                 Hydrogen peroxide

• Chemicals that reduce fever are called

                 Antipyretic

• Drugs used to treat infections

                 Antibiotic (Penicilin, Ampicilin)

• Bordeaux mixture is a

                 Fungicide

• Agent orange is a 

                 Pesticide

• Chemical compound used to make washing soap

                 Sodium Hydroxide

• Chemical compound used to make bathing soap

                 Pottasium hydroxide and Sodium Hydroxide

• Fatty acids commonly present in soap

                 Stearic acid, Palmitic acid and Oleic acid

• Oil used in manufacture of baby soap

                 Olive oil

• Liquid soap contains

                 Mixture of Pottassium hydroxide and coconut oil

• Substances used in manufacture of transparent soap

                 Glycerol and Caster oil

• Process of making soap

                 Saponification

• While extracting soap from Glycerol which is used for salting out

                 Sodium Chloride

• Deyergents are Sodium or Potassium salts of

                 Sulphonic acid

• TFM (Total Fatty Matter) is related with

                 Quality of soap

• Main raw material used in manufacture of glass

                 Silica

• Acid in which glass is soluble

                 Hydrofluoric acid

• Acid which cannot be kept in glass bottles

                 Hydrofluoric acid

• Acid in which glass is soluble

                 Hydrofluoric acid

• Substances used in glasses to get yellow color

                 Ferric salts

• Substances used in glasses to get green color

                 Ferrous salts

• Substances used in glasses to get blue color

                 Cobalt salts

• Substances used in glasses to get red color

                 Nickel salts, cupric oxide

• Substances used in glasses to get milky color

                 Cryolite

• Glass which is soluble in water

                 Water Glass

• Soda glass (Soft glass) is a mixture of

                 Sodium and Calcium silicates

• Potash glass (hard glass) is a mixture of

                 Potassium and Calcium silicates

• Glass which is using for laboratory glassware, thermometer and cooking utensils

                 Pyrex glass

• Glass which is using for making test tube, window panes, and bottles

                 Soda glass

• Glass used to make bulbs, lens and prisms

                 Flint glass

• Glass which is using for vehicle parts

                 Safety glass

• Glass which is using for making body of boats and helmets

                 Fiber glass

• Hydrogen present as free state in

                 Sun

• Carborundum is chemically

                 Silicon Carbide

• Plaster of paris mixing with water will give

                 Gypsum

• Chemical added with petrol to prevent knocking

                 Lead

• Substance which conduct electricity in molten state and undergo chemical reaction is called

                 Electrolyte

• Non metal kept in kerosene

                 Iodine
                                                                                   (To be Continued....)

Chemistry 12

നിത്യോപയോഗ വസ്തുക്കളിൽ ഉള്ള ആസിഡുകൾ, രാസവസ്തുക്കൾ, ഓർഗാനിക് കെമിസ്ട്രി, പ്ലാസ്റ്റിക്ക്, റബർ തുടങ്ങിയവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Acid present in Tomato, Banana, Onion and Choclate

                 Oxalic acid

• Acid present in Tarmarind and Grapes

                 Tartaric acid

• Acid present in Apple 

                 Malic acid

• Acid present in Oil and Fat

                 Stearic acid

• Acid present in Tapiocca

                 Hydrocyanic acid (Prussic Acid)

• Acid present in Coconut

                 Capric acid

• Acid present in Rice

                 Phytic acid

• Acid present in Ant and Honey bee

                 Formic acid

• Acid present in Lemon and Orange

                 Citric acid

• Acid present in meat

                 Amino acid

• Acid present in Soil

                 Humic acid

• Chemical present in Cofee and Cola

                 Caffein

• Chemical present in pepper

                 Piperine

• Chemical present in Ginger

                 Gingerine

• Chemical present in Green Chilly

                 Capsacin

• Chemical present in Turmeric

                 Curcumin

• Compounds of Hydrogen and Carbon are known as

                 Hydrocarbon

• Compounds of Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon are known as

                 Carbohydrates

• Examples of hydrocarbons

                 Petroleum (Liquid), Natural gas (Gas)

• Major components of LPG

                 Butane, Propane

• Chemical which is added to LPG to detect leakage

                 Ethyl Mercaptan

• Weight of LPG Gas cylinder using for domestic purpose

                 14.2 Kg

• Major component of compressed natural gas and Biogas

                 Methane

• Fossil fuel which cause least pollution

                 Natural Gas

• Burning of coal mainly produces

                 Sulphur dioxide

• First artificial element

                 Technetium

• First artificial plastic

                 Bakelite

• First artificial sugar

                 Saccharin

• First artificial rubber

                 Neoprene

• Chemical used for preserving biological specimen is

                 Formaldehyde

• Process of slow decomposition of organic compounds brought about by enzymes is known as

                 Fermentation

• Protein is composed of

                 Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen and Oxygen

• Acid used to detect the presence of protein

                 Nitric acid

• Solution which is used to detect glucose in Urine

                 Benedict's solution

• Material using to make bullet proof jackets

                 Kevlar

• Compound formed by the reaction of Acids with Alcohols

                 Esters

• Functional group present in Alcohols

                 -OH

• Simplest alcohol

                 Methanol

• Alcohol produced by fermentation of sugar

                 Ethanol

• Content of alcoholic beverages (Grain alcohol)

                 Ethyl Alcohol

• Pure alcohol can be obtained from wine by process of

                 Distillation

• Alcohol poisoning is mainly due to the presence of

                 Methanol (Methyl alcohol)

• Which is known as Wood spirit

                 Methanol

• Which is known as White tar

                 Naphthalene

• Process by which polymers and plastics are formed from monomers is called as

                 Polymerization

• Examples of natural polymers

                 Cellulose, Silk

• Examples of artificial polymers

                 Rayon, Teflon, Nylon

• Most abundant carbohydrate or organic compound present in nature

                 Cellulose

• Chemically paper is

                 Cellulose

• Monomers in Insulin are

                 Amino Acids

• Raw materials used to make first artificial plastic bakelite

                 Phenol, Formaldehyde

• Solvent of plastic

                 Chloroform

• Plastic which undergo chemical change is

                 Thermosetting plastics (Polyester, Bakelite)

• Plastic which undergo physical change is

                 Thermoplastics (Polythene, Nylon)

• Reusable plastic is

                 Thermoplastics

• Poisonous gas produced while burning plastic is

                 Dioxin

• Plastic used for coating of non stick tensiles

                 Teflon (Poly tetra fluoro ethylene)

• Chemical name of PVC

                 Poly Vinyl Chloride

• Monomers used in Rubber

                 Isoprene

• Solvent of rubber

                 Benzene (C6H6)

• Examples of synthetic rubbers

                 Neoprene, Thiokol, Styrene Butadene Rubber

• Structure of Benzene was discovered by

                 August Kekule

• Rubber used to make hoses

                 Thiokol

• Substances added to increase the storage time of food

                 Preservatives

• Cause of tears while cutting onion is due to the presence of 

                 Sulphur

• Smell of perfumes are due to the presence of 

                 Esters

• Molecules that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules is known as

                 Antioxidants
                                                                           (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 11

അലസ വാതകങ്ങൾ, വാതക നിയമങ്ങൾ, ആസിഡുകൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Valency of Inert gases

                 Zero

• Inert gases or Noble gases are

                 Helium, Neon, Argon, Crypton, Xenon and Radon

• Which group is called as zero group elements

                 Group 18

• Inert gases are discovered by

                 William Ramsay

• Lightest gas after Hydrogen

                 Helium

• Gas which is used in atmospheric baloons and sky ships

                 Helium (because of non inflamable ability than Hydrogen)

• Inert gas having highest thermal conductivity

                 Helium

• Inert gases using for welding

                 Helium, Argon

• Gas used in advertising sign boards

                 Neon

• Gas used in incandascent bulbs

                 Argon

• Noble gas known as hidden gas

                 Krypton

• Noble gas known as stranger gas

                 Xenon

• Largest and heaviest gaseous atom

                 Radon

• Inert gas derived from radio active disintegration of Radium

                 Radon

• Which is known as wonder drug

                 Aspirin

• Which law states that volume of a gas is inversely proportional to pressure 

                 Boyle's law

• Which law states that volume of a gas is directly proportional to temperature

                 Charle's law

• Which law states that volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of molecules present at constant temperature and pressure

                 Avogadro's law

• Ideal gas equation is

                 PV=nRT (R universal gas constant)

• Which is known as King of Chemicals

                 Sulphuric acid

• Earliest known acid

                 Acetic acid (Vinegar)

• Scale used to express acidity or alkalinity based on concentration of hydrogen ions

                 pH scale (Potential of Hydrogen)

• pH scale discovered by

                 Soren Sorensen

• pH value of bases

                 Greater than 7 (7-14)

• pH value of Acids

                 Less than 7 (0-7)

• pH value of water

                 7

• Solution which resists changes in pH by the addition of Acids and Alkalies

                 Buffer Solution

• Taste of acids

                 Sour

• Substances which change of litmus from violet to red

                 Acids

• Oxides and hydroxides of metals are called

                 Bases

• Base which is in the name of an acid

                 Boric acid

• Gastric juice contains which acid to help digestion

                 Hydrochloric acid

• Acid used in tanning and printing industry

                 Hydrochloric acid

• Acid without Oxygen

                 Hydrochloric acid

• Acid which fumes in air

                 Nitric acid

• Acid which using for purity testing of Gold

                 Nitric acid

• Acid which used as oxidizer in rocket propellants

                 Nitric acid

• Acid which used in lead storage batteries

                 Sulphuric acid

• Acid which used in manufacture of dynamite as an explosive

                 Sulphuric acid

• Acid which used for the refining of oil and treatment of waste water

                 Sulphuric acid

• Acids used for the manufacturing of fertilizers, chemicals, explosives, and paints

                 Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid

• Acid known as ethanoic acid

                 Acetic acid

• Acid which used for food preservation

                 Sorbic acid and Benzoic acid

• Acid which used to clean tooth surface

                 Phosphoric acid

• Acid which present in Soft drinks

                 Carbonic acid and Phosphoric acid

• Acid which present in Soda water

                 Carbonic acid

• Acid which present in muscles

                 Lactic acid

• Acid which used as sedative in hypnotism

                 Barbituric acid

• Acid used for vulcanization of rubber

                 Formic acid

• pH value of Urine

                 6 (Uric acid)

• pH value of Gastric acid

                 1-3.5

• pH value of Sea water

                 8

• pH value of Ammonia

                 10.6-11

• pH value of Blood

                 7.4

• pH value of Milk

                 6.5

• pH value of Tea

                 5.5 (Tannic acid)

• pH value of Coffie

                 5

• pH value of Vinegar

                 2.9

• pH value of Lemon Juice

                 2.4 (Citric acid)

• Alkali used to reduce the acidic nature of soil

                 Calcium hydroxide

• Color of phenolphthalein in base

                 Pink

• Color of phenolphthalein in acid

                 No color

• Hydrochloric acid and Nitric acid are discovered by

                 Jabir Ibn Hayyan

• Chemical name of Aspirin

                 Acetyl Salicylic acid

• Weakest inorganic acid

                 Hydrocyanic acid

• Strongest inorganic acid

                 Perchloric acid

• Sweetest acid

                 Sucronic acid

• Strongest super acid

                 Fluroantimonic acid

• Which is called as carbolic acid

                 Dilute Phenol

• Artificial coloring agent added in food products are

                 Dyes

• Acid which is known as Aquafortis

                 Nitric acid

• Acid which is known as Spirit of Nitre

                 Nitric acid

• Acid which is known as Spirit of Salt

                 Hydrochloric acid

• Acid which is known as Muriatic Acid

                 Hydrochloric acid

• Acid which is known as Oil of Vitriol

                 Sulphuric acid
                                                                                      (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 10

അമോണിയ, കാർബൺ ഡയോക്സൈഡ്, ഹാലൊജനുകൾ തുടങ്ങിയവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Which is called as Fools gold

                    Iron Pyrites

• Which is called as White gold

                    Platinum, Cashew nut

• Which is called as Flowing gold

                    Petroleum

• Which is called as Black gold

                    Petroleum, Pepper

• Which is called as Blue gold

                    Water

• Which is called as Green gold

                    Vanila

• Which is called as Blac diamond

                    Coal

• TNT stands for

                    Tri Nitro Toluene

• Acids used in manufacturing of TNT

                    Mixture of concentrated Nitric acid and sulphuric acid

• Ammonia is a compound of 

                    Nitrogen and Hydrogen (NH3)

• Process of manufacturing Ammonia industrially

                    Haber Process

• Catalyst used in Haber process

                    Iron

• Gaseous ammonia was first produced by 

                    Joseph Priestly

• Most soluble gas in water

                    Ammonia

• Only gas which shows alkaline nature

                    Ammonia

• Intermediate gaseous product formed in the decaying process of dead organisms

                    Ammonia

• Substance which is used as coolant in ice plants

                    Ammonia

• Substance which is used as coolant in refrigerators

                    Freon

• Acid which is used to identify ammonia

                    Nessler's reagent

• Color of ammonium chloride

                    White

• Major green house gases are

                    Carbon dioxide, Methane, Nitrous oxide

• Gas mainly causes global warming

                    Carbon dioxide

• Solid carbon dioxide is called as 

                    Dry Ice

• Gas which is released during the process of fermentation

                    Carbon dioxide

• Amount of Carbon dioxide in atmosphere

                    0.03%

• Gas which turns milk of lime milky

                    Carbon dioxide

• Gas used as fire extinguisher

                    Carbon dioxide

• Gas released due to the partial burning of substances

                    Carbon monoxide

• Gas present in soda water

                    Carbon dioxide

• The name Halogen means

                    Salt former

• Halogens which are extracted from sea water

                    Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine

• Element which is least metallic in nature

                    Fluorine

• Element which has highest reactivity or electro negativity

                    Fluorine

• Second most electro negative element

                    Oxygen

• Which is called as super halogen

                    Fluorine

• Which is called as synthetic halogen

                    Astatine

• Which is called as solid halogen

                    Iodine

• Which is called as pseudo halogen

                    Cyanogen

• Most abundant halide present in earth's crust

                    Fluoride

• Gas which is used for purifying water (using in swimming pools)

                    Chlorine

• Solvent used as an anaesthetic

                    Chloroform

• Compound of chlorine used in plastics

                    Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC)

• Element used as a bleaching agent either in solid or liquid form

                    Chlorine

• Halogen which is present in liquid form in nature

                    Bromine

• Non metal that exists in liquid state at room temperature

                    Bromine

• Most commonly used halogen available as tablet

                    Iodine

• Element which is abundant in sea weeds

                    Iodine

• Color of carbohydrate in Iodine

                    Dark Blue

• Chemical used in photographic films

                    Silver bromide

• Substances using for artificial raining

                    Silver Iodide, Dry Ice

• Rarest element in earth

                    Astatine

• Heaviest known halogen

                    Astatine

• Lightest known halogen

                    Fluorine

• Gas responsible for Bhopal Gas tragedy

                    Methyl Isocyanate
                                                                                   (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 9

ഹൈഡ്രജൻ, ഓക്സിജൻ, നൈട്രജൻ, തുടങ്ങിയ വാതകങ്ങളുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Hydrogen was discovered by

                  Henry Cavendish

• Meaning of the word Hydrogen

                  Water producer

• Based on atomic mass which is the smallest atom

                  Hydrogen

• Which is considered as the simplest atom\lightest gas

                  Hydrogen

• Largest atom

                  Francium

• Densest atom

                  Radon

• Element which produces largest number of compounds

                  Hydrogen

• Non metal element which showing metalic characters

                  Hydrogen

• Element which is not included in any group

                  Hydrogen

• Element which is present in all acids

                  Hydrogen

• Element which has the second lowest boiling point and melting point among all substances

                  Hydrogen

• Gas which burns blue in color

                  Hydrogen

• Element that does not have neutrons in atom

                  Hydrogen

• Gas which is used for making Vanaspati ghee

                  Hydrogen

• Hydrogen is not using for domestic purpose because of its 

                  Explosive nature

• Fuel used in rockets

                  Liquid Hydrogen

• Which is known as fuel of future

                  Hydrogen

• Fuel which doesn't cause any pollution

                  Hydrogen

• Isotops of Hydrogen are

                  Protium, Deuterium, Tritium

• Which isotope of Hydrogen is considered as the ondinary Hydrogen

                  Protium

• Which is called as heavy Hydrogen

                  Deuterium

• Chemical name of Heavy water

                  Deuterium Oxide

• Chemical name of Super heavy water

                  Tritium Oxide

• Most abundant isotope of Hydrogen

                  Protium

• Simplest radio active element\Radio active isotope of Hydrogen

                  Tritium

• Isotops which are using for the manufacturing of Hydrogen bomb

                  Deuterium, Tritium

• Most abundant compound present in animals and human body

                  Water (About 65-70% of bodymass)

• Scientist who proved that water is a compound of Hydrogen and Oxygen

                  Henry Cavendish

• The matter which can exist in Solid, Liquid and gaseous forms

                  Water

• High boiling point of water is due to

                  Hydrogen bonding

• Which is known as universal solvent

                  Water

• Chemical name of water

                  Dihydrogen monoxide (H2O)

• Purest water in nature

                  Rain water

• Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of 

                  Bicarbonates of Calcium and Magnesium

• Temporary hardness of water can be removed by

                  Repeated boiling or adding lime

• Permanent hardness of water can be removed by

                  Distillation or by adding Sodium Carbonate (Washing soda)

• Gas which has the smell of rotten eggs

                  Hydrogen Sulphide

• Compound of Hydrogen using as bleaching agent

                  Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

• Compound of Hydrogen which has the structure of an open book

                  Hydrogen peroxide

• Gas which helps substances to burn but doesn't burn itself

                  Oxygen

• Number of atoms present in Oxygen molecule

                  2

• Number of atoms present in Ozone molecule

                  3

• Hydrogen and Oxygen are named by

                  Lavoisier

• Gas which is colorless, tasteless and odourless

                  Oxygen

• Color of Oxygen and Ozone in solid and liquid form

                  Light Blue

• Atmospheric layer in which Ozone is present

                  Stratosphere

• Substance which deplete the Ozone layer

                  Chlorofluoro Carbon (CFC)

• Industrial name of CFC

                  Freon

• Element in CFC which destroys ozone 

                  Chlorine

• Gases used in aquatic lungs of sea divers for respiration

                  Mixture of Helium and Oxygen

• Nitrogen was discovered by

                  Daniel Rutherford

• Main content of protein

                  Nitrogen

• Examples of Nitrogen fixing bacterias

                  Rhizobium, Axetobacter, Clostridium

• Nitrogen compound which is used in photographic plates

                  Silver Nitrate

• Most nitrogenized fertilizer

                  Urea

• Gas formed in atmosphere during lightning

                  Nitrogen dioxide

• RDX stands for

                  Research Department Explosive

• Explosive known as cyclonite

                  RDX

• Explosive known as trotyl

                  TNT
                                                                                              (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 8

രസതന്ത്രത്തിലെ പ്രധാന പ്രക്രിയകൾ, കാർബൺ, ബോറോൺ, സൾഫർ, ഫോസ്ഫറസ് എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• Process of extracting Magnesium is called

                 Dow Process

• Process of extracting Sodium is called

                 Down's Process

• Process of industrial production of Hydrogen  is called

                 Bosch Process

• Production of Nitric acid is called

                 Ostwald Process

• Production of Noble metals is called

                 Cyanide Process

• Industrial production of Steel is called

                 Bessemer Process

• Production of Sulfuric acid is called

                 Contact Process

• Production of Chlorine Gas is called

                 Deacon's Process

• Production of Hard water is called

                 Girdler Sulphide Process

• Production of Ammonia is called

                 Haber Process

• Production of Sodium Carbonate is called

                 Solvey Process

• Process of extraction of salt from sea water is known as 

                 Evaporation

• Purification process of sea water is known as 

                 Distillation

• Which is known as the fundamental element of life

                 Carbon

• Examples of Crystalline carbon

                 Diamond, Graphite, Graphene, Fullerene

• Examples of Amorphous carbon

                 Coal, Coke, Charcoal, lamp black

• Most stable form of carbon

                 Graphite

• Non metal allotrope of carbon that conduct electricity

                 Graphite

• The substance which is known as black lead

                 Graphite

• Substance which is used to make lead pencils

                 Graphite

• Allotrope of carbon which is used as moderator in nuclear reactor

                 Graphite

• Ball shaped allotrope of carbon

                 Fullerene

• Allotrope of carbon which is used for purifying sugar, gas, water, gold etc

                 Charcoal

• Fuel used in blast furnace

                 Coke

• Diesel oil is produced by the hydrogenation of 

                 Coke

• Charcol perform purification by the process of 

                 Adsorption

• The process of accumulation of gas or liquid molecules on the surface is known as

                 Adsorption

• Ability of a substance to attract water molecules from surrounding environment is known as

                 Hygroscopy

• Hardest substance in Earth

                 Diamond

• Second hardest substance in Earth

                 Corundum

• Scale which is used to measure the hardness of Diamond

                 Mohs Scale

• Hardness of diamond

                 10 mohs

• Hardness of corundum

                 9 mohs

• Sunstance which has the highest melting point

                 Tungsten (3422° C)

• White powder which is used as polish in carrom board

                 Boric acid

• Acid which is used as an antiseptic and eye lotion

                 Boric acid

• Main component of stiff and shine which is used while washing clothes

                 Borax

• Compound of Boron which is having the same structure of benzene (Inorganic benzene)

                 Borozene

• Structure of benzene was discovered by

                 Keule

• Number of atoms present in Sulphur molecule

                 8

• Element which have no radio active isotop

                 Sulphur

• Gas which cause fading of color of Taj Mahal

                 Sulphur dioxide

• Gases which cause fading of Silver

                 Sulphur dioxide, Hydrogen sulphide

• Element which is known as enemy of Copper

                 Sulphur

• Allotrops of Sulphur

                 Monoclinic sulphur, Plastic sulphur, Rhombic sulphur

• Gases causing acid rain

                 Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen

• Mixture of Sulphur and charcoal is known as 

                 Gun Powder

• Element which meant "I carry light"

                 Phosphorus

• Element which has smell of garlic

                 Phosphorus

• Element which emit green light on exposure to atmosphere

                 White Phosphorus

• Element which is kept under water

                 White Phosphorus

• Element which burns in atmosphere at 30° C

                 White Phosphorus

• Element which is using for making safety matches

                 Red Phosphorus

• Element which is using for making match sticks

                 Pottassium Chlorate

• Phosphorous compound which has the smell of rotten fishes

                 Phosphine

• Element which is known as king of poisons

                 Arsenic

• Most poisonous substance

                 Arsenic

• Study of poisons

                 Toxicology

• Substance which is used as rat poison

                 Zinc Phosphide
                                                                         (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 7

ടിൻ, ലെഡ്, ടൈറ്റാനിയം, ഇരുമ്പ്, പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട അയിരുകൾ, പ്രധാനപ്പെട്ട ലോഹ സങ്കരങ്ങൾ അവയുടെ ഉപയോഗങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളത്

• Element having maximum number of isotops

                   Tin (10)

• Which amalgam is using as a coating agent in reflective mirror

                   Tin amalgam

• Metal which is used in storage batteries

                   Lead

• Element which is using as an anti-knocking agent in petrol

                   Lead

• Most stable substance in nature

                   Lead

• Metal which does not allow the passage of laser through it

                   Lead

• Element which is burst out through the vehicle exhaust pipe

                   Lead

• Elements which are used in safety fuse

                   Tin and Lead

• Alloy of tin an lead which used for making fuse wire is

                   Solder

• Alloys of tin an lead can be separated by

                   Melting

• Metal which shows poorest electrical conductivity

                   Lead

• Metal used to make the parts of aircrafts

                   Titanium

• White paints are made by the oxides of 

                   Titanium

• Whitest compound ever known is

                   Titanium dioxide

• Metal of future or wonder metal

                   Titanium

• When Iron rusts, its weight

                   Increases

• Process of coating Iron with Zinc is called as

                   Galvanization

• Purest form of Iron that contains the least amount of Carbon is 

                   Wrought Iron

• Impure Iron is called 

                   Pig Iron

• An Iron powder compound coated in tape recorder is 

                   Ferromagnetic powder

• An element which is used in making rest resistance alloys

                   Cobalt

• Metals in Stainless steel

                   Iron, Chromium and Nickel

• Rust is chemically

                   Iron oxide

• The overall process by which metals are extracted from ores

                   Metallurgy

• Naturally occuring mineral from which metal can be extracted

                   Ore

• Impurities present in the ore in known as

                   Gangue

• Substances which is used to neutralize and remove Gangue

                   Flux

• Gangue mixed with Flux to form

                   Slag

• Example of Acidic Flux

                   Silica

• Example of Basic Flux

                   Lime Stone

• Minerals abundant on the sea shores of Kerala

                   Ilmenite and monozite

• Thorium is extracted from

                   Monozite

• Titanium is extracted from

                   Ilmenite

• A homogenous mixture of one metal with another metal or non metal is known as

                   Alloys

• Elements in the alloy Type Metal

                   Copper, Tin, Lead and Antimony

• Elements in the alloy Gun Metal

                   Copper, Tin, Zinc

• Elements in Alnico

                   Aluminium, Nickel, Cobalt and Iron

• Elements in Nichrome

                   Nickel, Iron and Chromium

• Elements in Invar

                   Nickel and Iron

• Elements in Duralumin

                   Aluminium, Copper, Manganese, and Magnesium

• Elements in Silumin

                   Silicon and Aluminium

• Elements in Magnalium

                   Magnesium and Aluminium

• Elements in Steel

                   Carbon and Iron

• Elements in Cherome Steel

                   Iron, Chromium

• Elements in German Silver

                   Copper, Nickel and Zinc

• Elements in Sterling Silver

                   Copper, Silver

• Elements in Electrum

                   Gold, Silver

• Elements in Constantan

                   Copper, Nickel

• Elements in Newton Metal

                   Bismuth, Lead, Tin

• Elements in Rose Metal

                   Bismuth, Lead, Tin, Cadmium

• Alloy using for manufacturing Barrel of Gun

                   Gun Metal

• Alloy using for manufacturing heating elements

                   Nichrome

• Alloy using for manufacturing Silver coin

                   Sterling Silver

• Alloy using for manufacturing Pendulum

                   Invar

• Alloy using for manufacturing Springs

                   Chrome Steel

• Ores of Magnesium

                   Dolomite, Magnesite

• Ores of Aluminium

                   Bauxite and Cryolite

• Ores of Lead

                   Galena, Cerussite

• Ore of Calcium

                   Gypsum

• Ores of Iron

                   Haematite, Magnetite, Iron Pyrites

• Ores of Copper

                   Malachite and Chalcolite

• Ore of Uranium

                   Pitch Blende
                                                                                     (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 6

ലോഹങ്ങളിൽ മഗ്നീഷ്യം, മെർക്കുറി, സ്വർണ്ണം, വെള്ളി, ചെമ്പ്, അലൂമിനിയം എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ

• The metal present in Chloroplast

                  Magnesium

• The element which is known as Chemical sun

                  Magnesium

• Elements extracted from sea water

                  Magnesium, Sodium, Chlorine, Bromine

• Magnesium compound using for dental filling

                  Magnesia cement (Soral cement)

• First known super conductor

                  Mercury

• Metal with lowest melting point

                  Mercury

• Metal known as quick silver

                  Mercury

• Which is known as anomalous metal

                  Mercury

• Compounds of Mercury is known as (An alloy with one element as mercury

                  Amalgum

• Amalgum using for dental filling

                  Silver Amalgum

• Ore of Mercury

                  Cinnabar

• Unit for mesuring quantity of Mercury

                  Flask (1 Flask=34.5 Kg)

• The tailing of Mercury occurs in reaction with

                  Ozone

• Noble metals are

                  Platinum, Gold and Silver

• Elements which exists in free states in nature

                  Platinum, Gold and Silver

• King of metals

                  Gold

• White Gold

                  Platinum

• Little silver

                  Platinum

• Melting point of Gold

                  1064°C

• Metal which has very high malleability and ductility

                  Gold

• Gold used to make ornaments

                  22 Carat (916 gold)

• Pure Gold

                  24 Carat

• Gold present in 22 carat gold

                  91.6%

• Best conductor of electricity

                  Silver

• Metals which can be separated by Cyanide process

                  Gold and Silver

• Metals present in Panchaloha

                  Gold, Silver, Copper, Iron and Lead

• Metals present large quantity in Panchaloha

                  Copper

• Metal used to make the tip of fountain pen

                  Osmium

• First metal used by man

                  Copper

• Malachite is the mineal of 

                  Copper

• First alloy used by man

                  Bronze

• Metal which is used in gold ornaments

                  Copper

• Liquid in which noble metals are soluble

                  Aqua regia

• Liquid known as Royal water

                  Aqua regia

• Ratio of Hydrochloric acis and Nitric acid in aqua regia

                  3:1

• The scientist who first isolated Aluminium

                  Hans Oersted

• Manufacturing process of Aluminium

                  Hall Heroult process

• Process of Aluminium purification

                  Hoopes Process

• The scientist who first isolated Aluminium from Bauxite 

                  Charles Martin Hall

• Commercially Aluminium is isolated from

                  Bauxite

• Aluminium compound which is used for making precious stones artificially

                  Aluminium Oxide

• Aluminium compound which is used as foaming agent in fire extinguishers

                  Aluminium hydroxide

• Component metals in Bronze

                  Copper and Tin

• Component metals in Brass

                  Copper and Zinc

• Blue colored mineral in Aluminium is

                  Lapis Lazuli

• Double sulphate of Aluminium is known as

                  Alum

• Aluminium compound which is used as mordant (used in dyes of fabrics)

                  Alum

• Aluminium compound which is used for purifying water

                  Alum

• Aluminium compound which is used for manufacturing pewerful magnets

                  Alnico

• Alloy of Aluminium which is used for aircraft manufacturing

                  Duralumin

• Naturally occuring Alumino silicate is 

                  Mica

• Aluminium compound which is known as Emerald 

                  Beryllium Aluminium Silicate

• Aluminium compound which is known as Saphire and Ruby

                  Aluminium Oxide

• Aluminium compound which is known as Topaz

                  Aluminium Fluorine Silicate

• Asbestos is also known as 

                  Rock Cotton

• Metal which is used to make CD

                  Aluminium

• Metal which is showing the properties of both acid and base (Amphoteric)

                  Aluminium

• Clay is a mineral of 

                  Aluminium

• Metal which is used in reflecting telescope

                  Aluminium
                                                                                     (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 5

രാസമാറ്റങ്ങൾ, ലോഹങ്ങൾ അവയുടെ പ്രത്യേകതകൾ എന്നിവയാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾക്കൊള്ളിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത്

• A change in matter in which no new substances are produced

                 Physical Change

• A change in matter in which one or more new substances are produced

                 Chemical Change

• Examples for a chemical change

                 Burning of wood, Rusting of iron

• Examples for a Physical change

                 Melting, Freezing, Dissolving

• Elements which may loose electrons in chemical reaction are called

                 Metals

• Element used in fire crackers to get sparkling red color flame

                 Strontium

• Element used in fire crackers to get orange color flame

                 Calcium

• Element used in fire crackers to get green color flame

                 Barium

• Element used in fire crackers to get yellow color flame

                 Sodium

• Element stored in oil due to its high reactivity

                 Barium

• Radio active element in Alkaline Earth Metals

                 Radium

• Radio active liquid element

                 Francium

• Radio active gaseous element

                 Radon

• Naturally occurring compound of Beryllium

                 Emerald

• Property of metals capable of being drawn into wires is

                 Ductility

• Property of metals capable of being hammered into very thin sheets is

                 Malleability

• Property of metals to produce a ringing sound when it stuck with a hard surface

                 Sonority

• Element which kept in wax

                 Lithium

• The lightest metal

                 Lithium

• Densest metal

                 Osmium

• Hardest Metal

                 Chromium

• Rainbow metal

                 Iridium

• The strongest reducing agent

                 Lithium

• Metals which kept in kerosene due to its high reactivity 

                 Sodium and Potassium

• Elements which known as soft metals

                 Sodium and Potassium

• Metal which regulates Blood pressure in human beings

                 Sodium

• Compound of Sodium which is used as air purifier in submarines and in respiratory equipments

                 Sodium Peroxide

• Chemicals used in fire extinguishers

                 Sodium Bicarbonate and Potassium Bicarbonate

• Compound known as Baking Soda

                 Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)

• Compound known as washing Soda

                 Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)

• Mixture of sodium bicarbonate and Tartaric acid salt

                 Baking powder

• Compound used as a fixer in photographic films

                 Hypo (Sodium Thiosulphate)

• Element used as coolant in nuclear reactors

                 Liquid Sodium

• Chemicals used for purifying water

                 Potassium Permanganate (KMnO4)

• Metals related to arthritis

                 Potassium

• Chemicals used in organic farming for neutralizing acidic soil 

                 Potassium bicarbonate

• Raw material which is used in cement manufacturing

                 Lime stone

• Compound which is used to regulate the setting time of cement

                 Gypsum

• Perl is composed of 

                 Calcium carbonate and Magnesium Carbonate

• Perl is soluble in

                 Vinegar

• Gas released when heating lime stone

                 Carbon Dioxide

• Gas which turns Milk of lime into Milky color

                 Carbon Dioxide

• Coral reefs are composed of 

                 Calcium Carbonate

• Compound contained in Bone mineral

                 Calcium Phosphate

• Compound used for the dehydration of gases

                 Calcium oxide

• Chemical name of bleaching powder

                 Calcium hypochlorite
                                                                                         (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 4

രാസപ്രവർത്തനങ്ങൾ, ഏറ്റവും കൂടുതൽ കാണപ്പെടുന്ന മൂലകങ്ങൾ എന്നിവയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Substances that present in a chemical reaction which reacts together to form a product

                  Reactants

• Final substances that are formed from a chemical reaction

                  Products

• A substance that speed up a chemical reaction 

                  Catalyst

• A chemical reaction in which heat is released

                  Exothermic reactions

• A chemical reaction in which heat is absorbed

                  Endothermic reactions

• A chemical reaction that involves the loss of electrons

                  Oxidation

• A chemical reaction that involves the gain of electrons

                  Reduction

• Ability of an atom to accept the electrons is known as 

                  Electronegativity

• Electronegativity was discovered by

                  Linus Pauling

• Electronegativity scale was discovered by

                  Linus Pauling

• Ability of an atom to donate the electrons is known as 

                  Electropositivity

• Union of atoms of two or more elements by mutual attraction 

                  Chemical bond

• A bond formed by transferring electrons from one atom to another is called

                  Ionic Bond

• A bond formed by sharing of electrons between the atoms is called

                  Covalent Bond

• Combining capacity of an atom to another is called

                  Valancy

• A process in which solid turns straight into a gas

                  Sublimation

• Examples of Sublimation

                  Napthalene, Camphor

• A process in which gas turns into solid

                  Deposition

• A process in which liquid turns into gas

                  Vaporization

• A process in which gas turns into liquid

                  Condensation

• A process in which solid turns into liquid

                  Melting

• A process in which liquid turns into solid

                  Freezing

• Method for separating metals having low melting point

                  Liquation

• Device in which electricity produced at cost of chemical reaction by oxidation-reduction process is known as 

                  Electro chemical cell

• Process of heating the ore below its melting point in the absence of air to remove volatile impurities like Arsenic called

                  Calcination

• Method to separate a mixture of colored compounds 

                  Chromatography

• Deposition of a metal on another by electric current is called

                  Electroplating

• Chemical reaction in which a substance reacts with water

                  Hydrolysis

• Chemical decomposition by the action of heat is known as 

                  Pyrolysis

• Process of heating milk to 72 degree about 16 seconds and then cooling it to 4 degree to destroy harmful bacteria is called

                  Pasteurization

• Method of separating a substance from a mixture of liquids having different boiling points 

                  Distillation

• Most abundant element in Earth crust

                  Oxygen (46.6%)

• Second most abundant element in Earth crust

                  Silicon (27.7%)

• Third most abundant element in Earth crust

                  Aluminium (8.3%)

• Most abundant element in atmosphere

                  Nitrogen (78%)

• Second most abundant element in atmosphere

                  Oxygen (21%)

• Third most abundant element in atmosphere

                  Argon (0.9%)

• Most abundant element in universe

                  Hydrogen

• Most abundant element in human body

                  Oxygen

• Most abundant metal in human body and developed animals

                  Calcium

• Most abundant metal in Earth Crust

                  Aluminium

• Most abundant metalloid in Earth Crust

                  Silicon

• Most abundant element in sea water

                  Chlorine

• Most abundant metal in bones

                  Calcium

• Most abundant metal compound in bones

                  Calcium phosphate

• Most abundant compound on Earth's surface

                  Water

• Most abundant compound in sea water

                  Sodium Chloride

• Second most abundant compound in sea water

                  Magnesium Chloride

• Second most abundant compound in Earth crust

                  Magnesium Oxide
                                                                                                  (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 3

ആവർത്തന പട്ടികയുമായി ബന്ധപ്പെട്ട ചോദ്യങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിട്ടുള്ളത്

• Father of Periodic table\Periodic table was discovered by

                 Dmitri Mendeleev

• Father of Modern Periodic table

                 Moseley

• Periodic law was put forward by

                 Dmitri Mendeleev

• Modern Periodic law was put forward by

                 Moseley

• Atomic number of elements were discovered by

                 Moseley

• Periodic table of Mendeleev was based on increasing order of

                 Atomic mass

• Who classified elements based on atomic volume

                 Lother Meyer

• Modern Periodic table is based on increasing order of

                 Atomic Number

• Scientist who established measuring and weighing methods in Chemistry

                 Lavoisier

• Horizontal rows of elements in Periodic table 

                 Periods

• No of periods in Periodic table 

                 7

• Vertical column of elements in Periodic table 

                 Groups

• No of groups in Periodic table 

                 18

• Shortest period

                 First Period (Contains only two elements)

• No of elements in periodic table

                 118

• No of naturally occurring elements in periodic table

                 92

• First artificial element

                 Technetium (Atomic number 43)

• Last natural element in periodic table

                 Uranium

• Position of metals in periodic table

                 Left side

• Position of non metals in periodic table

                 Right side

• Natural element having highest atomic weight and atomic number

                 Uranium (92)

• Characteristic of element in one group

                 No of electrons in outermost shell are same

• Element having atomic number greater than that of Uranium and do not occur in nature are called 

                 Synthetic (Transuranic) elements

• Element having name of Earth

                 Tellurium

• Element having name of Moon

                 Celenium

• Element having name of Sun

                 Helium

• Element having name of an asteroid

                 Palladium

• Elements which are named in the honor of women

                 Curium, Meitnarium

• Group 1 elements are called

                 Alkali Metals

• Group 2 elements are called

                 Alkaline Earth Metals

• Elements with atomic number 57-71 are called

                 Lanthanides (Rare earths)

• Elements with atomic number 89-103 are called

                 Actinides (Radio active rare earths)

• Elements included in 3-12 groups are called

                 Transition elements

• Elements other than transition elements are called

                 Representative elements

• Specialty of transitive elements

                 They all are metals and form colored compounds

• Element does not have neutrons in an atom

                 Hydrogen

• Liquid transitive metal

                 Mercury

• Liquid metal at room temperature

                 Mercury

• Liquid non metal at room temperature

                 Bromine

• Metal used as a thermometric fluid

                 Mercury

• Metal which is used in atomic clocks

                 Caesium

• Element used in the dials of clock

                 Radium

• Radium and Plutonium are discovered by

                 Marie Curie

• Metal which shows least expansion

                 Caesium

• Element having highest electro negativity

                 Fluorine

• Element having least electro negativity

                 Francium, Caesium

• Most electro positive stable element

                 Caesium

                                                                                 (To be Continued...)

Chemistry 2

മൂലകങ്ങൾ, മോളിക്യൂൾ, സംയുക്തം, മിശ്രിതം തുടങ്ങിയ ഭാഗങ്ങളാണ് ഇന്നത്തെ പാഠത്തിൽ ഉൾപ്പെടുത്തിയിരിക്കുന്നത്

• Smallest particle of substance having all its properties

                 Molecules

• The term 'Molecule' was coined by

                 Avogadro

• No of molecules contained in 1 mole of gas is called

                 Avogadro number

• Avogadro number is

                 6.03x10²³

• International Mole day

                 October 23

• Kinetic Energy of molecules is maximum in

                 Gases

• Names given to the shells where electrons located around the nucleus

                 K, L, M, N, O, P and Q

• Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom which determines its chemical property is called

                 Valance electrons (Valance Shell)

• Sub shells of electron shells are named as

                 s, p, d, f and g

• Maximum number of electrons in each sub shells are

                 s: 2, p: 6, d: 10, f: 14 and g: 18

• Substances which composed of similar kind of atoms is called

                 Element

• The term element was coined by

                 Robert Boyle

• The scientist who first gave definition to the term 'element'

                 Robert Boyle

• The scientist who gave symbols for elements on the basis of their names

                 Berzelius

• The scientist who classified elements into metals and non metals

                 Lavosier

• Elements are classified into

                 Metals, non metals and metalloids

• Elements that conduct electricity, heat and which tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

                 Metals

• Elements that do not conduct electricity, heat and which tend to accept electrons to form negative ions

                 Non-Metals

• Elements showing properties of both metals and non metals

                 Metalloids

• International association which gives names of Elements

                 International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

• Substances composed of atoms of 2 or more elements combined in a definite proportion by weight is known as 

                 Compound

• Substances composed of atoms of 2 or more compounds or elements combined in any proportion by weight is known as 

                 Mixture

• Element which forms largest number of compounds

                 Carbon

• Second element which forms largest number of compounds

                 Hydrogen

• Atoms of same element having same atomic number and different mass number are known as 

                 Isotopes

• Isotopes of Hydrogen are

                 Protium, Deuterium, Tritium

• Isotopes are discovered by

                 Frederick Soddy

• Isotope which is used to determine the age of fossils (Carbon dating)

                 Carbon 14

• Isotope which is used for the treatment of cancer

                 Cobalt 60

• Isotope which is used for the treatment of skin cancer

                 Phosphorous 32

• Isotopes which are used as medicines

                 Oxygen 15, Iodine 131

• Atoms of different elements having same mass number and different atomic number

                 Isobars

• Atoms of elements having same number of Neutrons 

                 Isotones

• Compounds with same molecular formula and different structure are known as

                 Isomers

• Different forms of same element with different physical appearances

                 Allotropes

• Example of an allotrope 

                 Diamond, Graphite and Charcoal are allotropes of Carbon

• Allotrope of Oxygen

                 Ozone

• Fructose is an isomer of

                 Glucose
                                                                                                          (To be Continued...)